Comparative All-Cause Mortality Among a Large Population of Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Versus Matched Controls

INTRODUCTION: There is little information about survival of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients into adulthood, in particular from population-based samples. We estimated and compared age-specific, all-cause mortality rates in patients with SMA and matched controls in a large, retrospective cohort study using electronic health records (EHRs) from the pre-treatment era. METHODS: The US Optum(®) de-identified EHR database contains EHRs for ~ 104 million persons (study period: January 1, 2007–December 22, 2016). SMA cases were identified by one or more International Classification of Diseases, Ninth/Tenth Edition codes for SMA. Controls with no SMA diagnosis code were matched 10:1 to SMA cases based on birth year, gender, and first diagnostic code date. For both groups, ≥ 1 month of observation and (if deceased) a valid date of death were required for inclusion. Age-specific mortality rates per person-year (PY) and hazard ratios were calculated. RESULTS: Five thousand one hundred seventy-nine SMA cases and 51,152 controls were analyzed. The overall hazard ratio comparing cases with controls was 1.76 (95% CI 1.63–1.90). In patients with SMA type III diagnostic codes only, the all-age mortality rate was 1059/100,000 PYs in cases and 603/100,000 PYs in controls. In older age groups (13–20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, and > 60 years), age-specific mortality rates for cases consistently exceeded those of controls. Limitations of this study included the inability to confirm the SMA diagnosis or SMA type by genetic or clinical confirmation. CONCLUSION: Patients with SMA of all ages, including adults and type III patients, had a higher all-cause mortality rate as compared to age-matched controls during the pre-treatment era. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40120-021-00307-7.