FAM83A is a potential biomarker for breast cancer initiation

BACKGROUND: Family with sequence similarity 83 member A (FAM83A) presents oncogenic properties in several cancers including breast cancer. Recently, we reported FAM83A overexpression in normal breast tissues from women at high risk of breast cancer. We now hypothesize that FAM83A is a key factor in breast cancer initiation. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate FAM83A protein levels in both a normal breast tissue microarray (TMA, N = 411) and a breast tumor TMA (N = 349). EGFR staining and its correlation with FAM83A expression were also assessed. Lentivirus-mediated manipulation of FAM83A expression in primary and hTERT-immortalized breast epithelial cells was employed. Biological and molecular alterations upon FAM83A overexpression/downregulation and FAM83A’s interaction partners were investigated. RESULTS: TMA analysis revealed a 1.5-fold increase in FAM83A expression level in breast cancer cases as compared with normal breast tissues (p < 0.0001). FAM83A protein expression was directly correlated with EGFR level in both normal and breast cancer tissues. In in vitro assays, exogenous expression of FAM83A in either primary or immortalized breast epithelial cells promoted cell viability and proliferation. Additionally, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that FAM83A overexpression in primary cells affected the expression of genes involved in cellular morphology and metabolism. Mass spectrometry analysis identified DDX3X and LAMB3 as potential FAM83A interaction partners in primary cells, while we detected FAM83A interaction with cytoskeleton reorganization factors, including LIMA1, MYH10, PLEC, MYL6 in the immortalized cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that FAM83A promotes metabolic activation in primary breast epithelial cells and cell proliferation in both primary and immortalized cells. These findings support its role in early breast oncogenesis. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40364-022-00353-9.