A case of non-traumatic Purpureocillium lilacinum (Paecilomyces lilacinus) endophthalmitis in a child

PURPOSE: The aim of this report is to cover a novel presentation and subsequent management of Purpureocillium (Paecilomyces) oculomycosis in a child, and to review the available literature on Purpureocillium endophthalmitis. OBSERVATIONS: This report is of a four year old boy from Australia. There have been 13 previous reports of Purpureocillium endophthalmitis, comprising 30 adult cases. CONCLUSIONS: AND IMPORTANCE. Purpureocillium is an emerging ocular infection, associated with use of this fungus as a biological control agent. This case highlights the importance of early consideration of intraocular fluid sampling in a case of vitritis non-responsive to steroid treatment. statementThe first reported case of atraumatic Purpureocillium lilacinum endophthalmitis, occurring in a child. All published Purpureocillium endophthalmitis cases are reviewed.