COVID-19 associated rhino–orbital–cerebral mucormycosis—an institutional series

Mucormycosis is almost always confined to the patients with altered host defenses amongst which diabetes is considered as the strongest risk factor. COVID-19 only been seen in severe cases but also in mild and moderate cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections. After preliminary clinical and radiological diagnosis, surgical management in the form of endoscopic sinus surgery, debridement, and orbital exenteration (8) was performed. Medical management in the form of antifungal therapy (amphotericin-B, posaconazole, and isavuconazole) was initiated. In this case series, 79 proven cases of COVID-19 associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis were analyzed retrospectively from mid-April 2021 to mid-September 2021. 67 patients were known diabetics, whereas rest 12 had new onset diabetes mellitus. Of these 79 cases, 27 cases had the disease limited to sinuses (rhino-mucormycosis), 43 had orbital involvement also (rhino–orbital mucormycosis), and 9 had cerebral involvement as well (rhino–orbital–cerebral mucormycosis). During this time-period, a total of 14 mortalities occurred. Most of the patients were discharged after completion of amphotericin-B therapy and rest stayed little longer till their general condition improved. COVID-19 causes dysregulation and alteration of immune response in the body which predispose to invasive fungal infections. In addition, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and corticosteroid treatment increase the risk of mucormycosis by many folds.