Microorganism community composition analysis coupling with (15)N tracer experiments reveals the nitrification rate and N(2)O emissions in low pH soils in Southern China

Nitrification in agricultural soil is an important process for food production. In acidic soil, nitrification is however also considered to be a major source of N(2)O production. The nitrification rate largely depends on the community composition of ammonia-oxidizing organisms. To obtain a view of the nitrification rates and N(2)O emission situations in low pH soils in Southern China and understand their relations with the microbial community composition, here we conducted (15)N tracer experiments and microorganism community composition analysis using four acidic agricultural soil samples collected in Southern China. A single dominant community (relative abundance >68%) of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea was observed in the soils with pH = 4.81–6.02. A low amount of [Image: see text] was produced from the nitrification in the strongly acidic soil (pH = 4.03), and the calculated nitrification rate in this soil was significantly lower than those of other soils with pH = 4.81–6.02. High N(2)O emissions but low (15)N–N(2)O emissions were observed in the soil with pH = 4.03. Our results suggest that, under aerobic conditions, soil pH is an important factor affecting nitrification through modifying the microorganism composition.