Urinary Tract Infection in Pregnancy and Its Effects on Maternal and Perinatal Outcome: A Retrospective Study

Background A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common medical condition complicating pregnancy with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to assess any adverse maternal and perinatal morbidity related to UTI in pregnancy, focusing on identifying common uropathogens and their antibiotic sensitivity and resistance patterns. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Corniche Hospital, Abu Dhabi. The study population consisted of 549 women in the exposed group (i.e., those with at least one episode of UTI in pregnancy in 2018) and 329 in the comparison group (i.e., those without UTI). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). The study's primary outcome measures were preterm birth, recurrent UTI, pyelonephritis, and low birth weight (LBW). Results Women who had a UTI during pregnancy had more preterm deliveries than those without a UTI (c2=7.092; p=0.007). Recurrent UTI was observed in 26.6% of women with UTI, while the incidence of pyelonephritis was relatively low in this group (1.45%). There was no significant association between LBW and UTI in pregnancy (c(2)=0.097; p=0.756). The most common bacteria isolated from women with UTI were Group B Streptococcus (GBS, 31.3%), followed by Escherichia coli (30.9%). They were sensitive to a wide range of antibiotics. Conclusion According to our results, significant predictors of bacteriuria in pregnancy history include UTI, renal calculi, and nulliparity. Women with UTI in pregnancy are more likely to have preterm delivery. However, adequate management can minimize other complications like pyelonephritis and adverse perinatal outcomes. Available evidence prompts the recommendation of routine screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in early pregnancy to minimize complications and identify those women at significant risk for preterm delivery.