Using ZnCo(2)O(4) nanoparticles as the hole transport layer to improve long term stability of perovskite solar cells

Inorganic metal oxides with the merits of high carrier transport capability, low cost and superior chemical stability have largely served as the hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in recent years. Among them, ternary metal oxides have gradually attracted attention because of the wide tenability of the two inequivalent cations in the lattice sites that offer interesting physicochemical properties. In this work, ZnCo(2)O(4) nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a chemical precipitation method and served as the HTL in inverted PSCs. The device based on the ZnCo(2)O(4) NPs HTL showed better efficiency of 12.31% and negligible hysteresis compared with the one using PEDOT:PSS film as the HTL. Moreover, the device sustained 85% of its initial efficiency after 240 h storage under a halogen lamps matrix exposure with an illumination intensity of 1000 W/m(2), providing a powerful strategy to design long term stable PSCs for future production.