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Structural factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in the urban slum setting
BACKGROUND: The structural environment of urban slums, including physical, demographic and socioeconomic attributes, renders inhabitants more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Yet, little is known about the specific determinants that contribute to high transmission within these communities. METHOD...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8863166/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35194620 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.13.22270856 |
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author | Fofana, Mariam O. Nery, Nivison Aguilar Ticona, Juan P. Belitardo, Emilia M.M.A. Victoriano, Renato Anjos, Rôsangela O. Portilho, Moyra M. de Santana, Mayara C. dos Santos, Laiara L. de Oliveira, Daiana Cruz, Jaqueline S. Muencker, M. Cate Khouri, Ricardo Wunder, Elsio A. Hitchings, Matthew D.T. Johnson, Olatunji Reis, Mitermayer G. Ribeiro, Guilherme S. Cummings, Derek A.T. Costa, Federico Ko, Albert I. |
author_facet | Fofana, Mariam O. Nery, Nivison Aguilar Ticona, Juan P. Belitardo, Emilia M.M.A. Victoriano, Renato Anjos, Rôsangela O. Portilho, Moyra M. de Santana, Mayara C. dos Santos, Laiara L. de Oliveira, Daiana Cruz, Jaqueline S. Muencker, M. Cate Khouri, Ricardo Wunder, Elsio A. Hitchings, Matthew D.T. Johnson, Olatunji Reis, Mitermayer G. Ribeiro, Guilherme S. Cummings, Derek A.T. Costa, Federico Ko, Albert I. |
author_sort | Fofana, Mariam O. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The structural environment of urban slums, including physical, demographic and socioeconomic attributes, renders inhabitants more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Yet, little is known about the specific determinants that contribute to high transmission within these communities. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We performed a serosurvey of an established cohort of 2,035 urban slum residents from the city of Salvador, Brazil between November 2020 and February 2021, following the first COVID-19 pandemic wave in the country. We identified high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence (46.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 44.3–48.6%), particularly among female residents (48.7% [95% CI 45.9–51.6%] vs. 43.2% [95% CI 39.8–46.6%] among male residents), and among children (56.5% [95% CI 52.3–60.5%] vs. 42.4% [95% CI 39.9–45.0%] among adults). In multivariable models that accounted for household-level clustering, the odds ratio for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among children was 1.96 (95% CI 1.42–2.72) compared to adults aged 30–44 years. Adults residing in households with children were more likely to be seropositive; this effect was particularly prominent among individuals with age 30–44 and 60 years or more. Women living below the poverty threshold (daily per capita household income <$1.25) and those who were unemployed were more likely to be seropositive. CONCLUSIONS: During a single wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, cumulative incidence as assessed by serology approached 50% in a Brazilian urban slum population. In contrast to observations from industrialized countries, SARS-CoV-2 incidence was highest among children, as well as women living in extreme poverty. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions that provide safe environments for children and mitigate the structural risks posed by crowding and poverty for the most vulnerable residents of urban slum communities. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8863166 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88631662022-02-23 Structural factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in the urban slum setting Fofana, Mariam O. Nery, Nivison Aguilar Ticona, Juan P. Belitardo, Emilia M.M.A. Victoriano, Renato Anjos, Rôsangela O. Portilho, Moyra M. de Santana, Mayara C. dos Santos, Laiara L. de Oliveira, Daiana Cruz, Jaqueline S. Muencker, M. Cate Khouri, Ricardo Wunder, Elsio A. Hitchings, Matthew D.T. Johnson, Olatunji Reis, Mitermayer G. Ribeiro, Guilherme S. Cummings, Derek A.T. Costa, Federico Ko, Albert I. medRxiv Article BACKGROUND: The structural environment of urban slums, including physical, demographic and socioeconomic attributes, renders inhabitants more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Yet, little is known about the specific determinants that contribute to high transmission within these communities. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We performed a serosurvey of an established cohort of 2,035 urban slum residents from the city of Salvador, Brazil between November 2020 and February 2021, following the first COVID-19 pandemic wave in the country. We identified high SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence (46.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 44.3–48.6%), particularly among female residents (48.7% [95% CI 45.9–51.6%] vs. 43.2% [95% CI 39.8–46.6%] among male residents), and among children (56.5% [95% CI 52.3–60.5%] vs. 42.4% [95% CI 39.9–45.0%] among adults). In multivariable models that accounted for household-level clustering, the odds ratio for SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among children was 1.96 (95% CI 1.42–2.72) compared to adults aged 30–44 years. Adults residing in households with children were more likely to be seropositive; this effect was particularly prominent among individuals with age 30–44 and 60 years or more. Women living below the poverty threshold (daily per capita household income <$1.25) and those who were unemployed were more likely to be seropositive. CONCLUSIONS: During a single wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, cumulative incidence as assessed by serology approached 50% in a Brazilian urban slum population. In contrast to observations from industrialized countries, SARS-CoV-2 incidence was highest among children, as well as women living in extreme poverty. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions that provide safe environments for children and mitigate the structural risks posed by crowding and poverty for the most vulnerable residents of urban slum communities. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 2022-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8863166/ /pubmed/35194620 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.13.22270856 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) , which allows reusers to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form only, for noncommercial purposes only, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. |
spellingShingle | Article Fofana, Mariam O. Nery, Nivison Aguilar Ticona, Juan P. Belitardo, Emilia M.M.A. Victoriano, Renato Anjos, Rôsangela O. Portilho, Moyra M. de Santana, Mayara C. dos Santos, Laiara L. de Oliveira, Daiana Cruz, Jaqueline S. Muencker, M. Cate Khouri, Ricardo Wunder, Elsio A. Hitchings, Matthew D.T. Johnson, Olatunji Reis, Mitermayer G. Ribeiro, Guilherme S. Cummings, Derek A.T. Costa, Federico Ko, Albert I. Structural factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in the urban slum setting |
title | Structural factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in the urban slum setting |
title_full | Structural factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in the urban slum setting |
title_fullStr | Structural factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in the urban slum setting |
title_full_unstemmed | Structural factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in the urban slum setting |
title_short | Structural factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in the urban slum setting |
title_sort | structural factors contributing to sars-cov-2 infection risk in the urban slum setting |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8863166/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35194620 http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.13.22270856 |
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