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High Expression of PLAGL2 is Associated With Poor Prognosis in High-Grade Glioma
Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) has been implicated in the development and progression of diverse malignancies, including glioblastoma. An increasing number of studies have reported that dysregulated expression of PLAGL2 is a common phenomenon in different malignancies. However, the mechani...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8863765/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222518 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.787746 |
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author | Wang, Gang Du, Wei Che, Lingyi Gao, Xianzheng Zhao, Ruihua Duan, Juan Gu, Zhuoyu Ma, Qian |
author_facet | Wang, Gang Du, Wei Che, Lingyi Gao, Xianzheng Zhao, Ruihua Duan, Juan Gu, Zhuoyu Ma, Qian |
author_sort | Wang, Gang |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) has been implicated in the development and progression of diverse malignancies, including glioblastoma. An increasing number of studies have reported that dysregulated expression of PLAGL2 is a common phenomenon in different malignancies. However, the mechanism and biological functions of PLAGL2 in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) remain unclear. In addition, the expression and clinical significance of PLAGL2 in HGG have not yet been reported. Herein, we investigated the expression patterns and prognostic values of PLAGL2 in patients with HGG by using various databases, including Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0 (TIMER2.0), GENT2, ONCOMINE, GEPIA, Human Protein Atlas, and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. In the present study, we analyzed the relationship between PLAGL2 mRNA expression and clinical parameters in 184 HGG cases and found that PLAGL2 presented positively high expression and was relevant to poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed the overexpression of PLAGL2 protein, which is mainly expressed in the nucleus of glioma. Additionally, a high level of expression of the PLAGL2 gene was associated with lower survival in progression-free survival and overall survival in GBM patients. The correlation analysis between PLAGL2 and immune infiltration related to the abundance of B cells, CD8(+) T cells, CD4(+) T cells, macrophages, DCs, and neutrophils was also performed using TIMER2.0. GSEA results showed that high PLAGL2 expression was associated with cell migration, proliferation, actin cytoskeletal, and angiogenesis. To sum up, our findings indicated that PLAGL2 could serve as an independent prognostic biomarker and might be a potential therapeutic target for HGG, which should be further investigated. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8863765 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88637652022-02-24 High Expression of PLAGL2 is Associated With Poor Prognosis in High-Grade Glioma Wang, Gang Du, Wei Che, Lingyi Gao, Xianzheng Zhao, Ruihua Duan, Juan Gu, Zhuoyu Ma, Qian Front Genet Genetics Pleomorphic adenoma gene like-2 (PLAGL2) has been implicated in the development and progression of diverse malignancies, including glioblastoma. An increasing number of studies have reported that dysregulated expression of PLAGL2 is a common phenomenon in different malignancies. However, the mechanism and biological functions of PLAGL2 in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) remain unclear. In addition, the expression and clinical significance of PLAGL2 in HGG have not yet been reported. Herein, we investigated the expression patterns and prognostic values of PLAGL2 in patients with HGG by using various databases, including Tumor Immune Estimation Resource 2.0 (TIMER2.0), GENT2, ONCOMINE, GEPIA, Human Protein Atlas, and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. In the present study, we analyzed the relationship between PLAGL2 mRNA expression and clinical parameters in 184 HGG cases and found that PLAGL2 presented positively high expression and was relevant to poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed the overexpression of PLAGL2 protein, which is mainly expressed in the nucleus of glioma. Additionally, a high level of expression of the PLAGL2 gene was associated with lower survival in progression-free survival and overall survival in GBM patients. The correlation analysis between PLAGL2 and immune infiltration related to the abundance of B cells, CD8(+) T cells, CD4(+) T cells, macrophages, DCs, and neutrophils was also performed using TIMER2.0. GSEA results showed that high PLAGL2 expression was associated with cell migration, proliferation, actin cytoskeletal, and angiogenesis. To sum up, our findings indicated that PLAGL2 could serve as an independent prognostic biomarker and might be a potential therapeutic target for HGG, which should be further investigated. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8863765/ /pubmed/35222518 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.787746 Text en Copyright © 2022 Wang, Du, Che, Gao, Zhao, Duan, Gu and Ma. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Genetics Wang, Gang Du, Wei Che, Lingyi Gao, Xianzheng Zhao, Ruihua Duan, Juan Gu, Zhuoyu Ma, Qian High Expression of PLAGL2 is Associated With Poor Prognosis in High-Grade Glioma |
title | High Expression of PLAGL2 is Associated With Poor Prognosis in High-Grade Glioma |
title_full | High Expression of PLAGL2 is Associated With Poor Prognosis in High-Grade Glioma |
title_fullStr | High Expression of PLAGL2 is Associated With Poor Prognosis in High-Grade Glioma |
title_full_unstemmed | High Expression of PLAGL2 is Associated With Poor Prognosis in High-Grade Glioma |
title_short | High Expression of PLAGL2 is Associated With Poor Prognosis in High-Grade Glioma |
title_sort | high expression of plagl2 is associated with poor prognosis in high-grade glioma |
topic | Genetics |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8863765/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222518 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2021.787746 |
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