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Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor—Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk
Camel milk (CM) is known for its beneficial virtues in the human diet and health. This includes its antidiabetic properties demonstrated in many in vitro and in vivo studies. Nevertheless, the scientific rationale behind the molecular and cellular basis of such beneficial effects and the exact antid...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8864127/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35223937 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.819278 |
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author | Anwar, Irfa Khan, Farheen Badrealam Maqsood, Sajid Ayoub, Mohammed Akli |
author_facet | Anwar, Irfa Khan, Farheen Badrealam Maqsood, Sajid Ayoub, Mohammed Akli |
author_sort | Anwar, Irfa |
collection | PubMed |
description | Camel milk (CM) is known for its beneficial virtues in the human diet and health. This includes its antidiabetic properties demonstrated in many in vitro and in vivo studies. Nevertheless, the scientific rationale behind the molecular and cellular basis of such beneficial effects and the exact antidiabetic agent(s)/mechanism(s) are still elusive. In this review, we focused on the recent advances supporting the targeting of insulin receptor (IR) by CM components. Indeed, our recent work reported that CM proteins and derived peptides pharmacologically target IR in vitro leading to its activation and potentiation of insulin-mediated responses. The review describes the experimental approaches used to investigate the effects of CM on IR in vitro based on the fractionation of CM whey proteins to purify functional proteins and their hydrolysis by gastric proteases to generate bioactive peptides. In addition, we illustrated our cellular and molecular model consisting of studying the functional activity of CM fractions on IR and its downstream signaling pathways in the hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and the human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells using the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), phosphorylation, and glucose uptake assays. Overall, our work demonstrated for the first time that CM lactoferrin and CM-derived bioactive peptides positively modulate IR and its related signaling pathways in HepG2 and HEK293 cells. As a conclusion, the pharmacological targeting of IR by CM sheds more light on the antidiabetic properties of CM by providing its molecular basis that may constitute a solid rationale for the development of new generation of antidiabetic tools from CM-derived proteins and peptides and the utilization of CM in the management of diabetes. The sequencing and the synthesis of the potent bioactive CM peptides may open promising perspectives for their application as antidiabetic agents. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8864127 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88641272022-02-24 Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor—Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk Anwar, Irfa Khan, Farheen Badrealam Maqsood, Sajid Ayoub, Mohammed Akli Front Nutr Nutrition Camel milk (CM) is known for its beneficial virtues in the human diet and health. This includes its antidiabetic properties demonstrated in many in vitro and in vivo studies. Nevertheless, the scientific rationale behind the molecular and cellular basis of such beneficial effects and the exact antidiabetic agent(s)/mechanism(s) are still elusive. In this review, we focused on the recent advances supporting the targeting of insulin receptor (IR) by CM components. Indeed, our recent work reported that CM proteins and derived peptides pharmacologically target IR in vitro leading to its activation and potentiation of insulin-mediated responses. The review describes the experimental approaches used to investigate the effects of CM on IR in vitro based on the fractionation of CM whey proteins to purify functional proteins and their hydrolysis by gastric proteases to generate bioactive peptides. In addition, we illustrated our cellular and molecular model consisting of studying the functional activity of CM fractions on IR and its downstream signaling pathways in the hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) and the human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells using the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET), phosphorylation, and glucose uptake assays. Overall, our work demonstrated for the first time that CM lactoferrin and CM-derived bioactive peptides positively modulate IR and its related signaling pathways in HepG2 and HEK293 cells. As a conclusion, the pharmacological targeting of IR by CM sheds more light on the antidiabetic properties of CM by providing its molecular basis that may constitute a solid rationale for the development of new generation of antidiabetic tools from CM-derived proteins and peptides and the utilization of CM in the management of diabetes. The sequencing and the synthesis of the potent bioactive CM peptides may open promising perspectives for their application as antidiabetic agents. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8864127/ /pubmed/35223937 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.819278 Text en Copyright © 2022 Anwar, Khan, Maqsood and Ayoub. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Nutrition Anwar, Irfa Khan, Farheen Badrealam Maqsood, Sajid Ayoub, Mohammed Akli Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor—Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk |
title | Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor—Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk |
title_full | Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor—Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk |
title_fullStr | Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor—Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk |
title_full_unstemmed | Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor—Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk |
title_short | Camel Milk Targeting Insulin Receptor—Toward Understanding the Antidiabetic Effects of Camel Milk |
title_sort | camel milk targeting insulin receptor—toward understanding the antidiabetic effects of camel milk |
topic | Nutrition |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8864127/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35223937 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.819278 |
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