Comparison of Cardiac Risk Scores among the East Mediterranean and South Asian Population

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global burden particularly in developing countries necessitates the periodical monitoring for these vulnerable population. This study aimed to compare four tools to measure the CVD risk between the East Mediterranean and South Asian population. METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 139 patients from East Mediterranean (n=90) and South Asians (n=49) ethnicity who were admitted during the one-year period in a multi-specialty tertiary care hospital located in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia. Four different tools currently in use across the world were used to analyses the CVD risk. RESULTS: Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) from American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) was found to be significant (P=0.0000) than World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) and Framingham Risk Score (FRS) European SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) memo card from European Society of Cardiology risk prediction charts. Meanwhile, FRS looks equally good as it detects 44.89% of South Asian study population with >10% CVD risk while ACC/AHA detects 46.93%. CONCLUSION: The present study recommends ACC/AHA cardiac risk estimator to identify the CVD risk in East Mediterranean population. However, the South Asian population needed a population-based tool to assess the accurate CVD risk.