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Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus are three blood-borne viruses that can cause major global health issues by increasing severe morbidity. There is a high risk of coinfection with these viruses in individuals because of their same transmission routes through blood...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8865087/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222296 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.780887 |
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author | Shahriar, Sagarika Araf, Yusha Ahmad, Rasel Kattel, Pravakar Sah, Ganga Sagar Rahaman, Tanjim Ishraq Sadiea, Rahila Zannat Sultana, Shahnaj Islam, Md. Sayeedul Zheng, Chunfu Hossain, Md. Golzar |
author_facet | Shahriar, Sagarika Araf, Yusha Ahmad, Rasel Kattel, Pravakar Sah, Ganga Sagar Rahaman, Tanjim Ishraq Sadiea, Rahila Zannat Sultana, Shahnaj Islam, Md. Sayeedul Zheng, Chunfu Hossain, Md. Golzar |
author_sort | Shahriar, Sagarika |
collection | PubMed |
description | Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus are three blood-borne viruses that can cause major global health issues by increasing severe morbidity. There is a high risk of coinfection with these viruses in individuals because of their same transmission routes through blood using shared needles, syringes, other injection equipment, sexual transmission, or even vertical transmission. Coinfection can cause various liver-related illnesses, non-hepatic organ dysfunction, followed by death compared to any of these single infections. The treatment of coinfected patients is complicated due to the side effects of antiviral medication, resulting in drug resistance, hepatotoxicity, and a lack of required responses. On the other hand, coinfected individuals must be treated with multiple drugs simultaneously, such as for HIV either along with HBV or HCV and HBV and HCV. Therefore, diagnosing, treating, and controlling dual infections with HIV, HBV, or HCV is complicated and needs further investigation. This review focuses on the current prevalence, risk factors, and pathogenesis of dual infections with HIV, HBV, and HCV. We also briefly overviewed the diagnosis and treatment of coinfections of these three blood-borne viruses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8865087 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88650872022-02-24 Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Shahriar, Sagarika Araf, Yusha Ahmad, Rasel Kattel, Pravakar Sah, Ganga Sagar Rahaman, Tanjim Ishraq Sadiea, Rahila Zannat Sultana, Shahnaj Islam, Md. Sayeedul Zheng, Chunfu Hossain, Md. Golzar Front Microbiol Microbiology Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus are three blood-borne viruses that can cause major global health issues by increasing severe morbidity. There is a high risk of coinfection with these viruses in individuals because of their same transmission routes through blood using shared needles, syringes, other injection equipment, sexual transmission, or even vertical transmission. Coinfection can cause various liver-related illnesses, non-hepatic organ dysfunction, followed by death compared to any of these single infections. The treatment of coinfected patients is complicated due to the side effects of antiviral medication, resulting in drug resistance, hepatotoxicity, and a lack of required responses. On the other hand, coinfected individuals must be treated with multiple drugs simultaneously, such as for HIV either along with HBV or HCV and HBV and HCV. Therefore, diagnosing, treating, and controlling dual infections with HIV, HBV, or HCV is complicated and needs further investigation. This review focuses on the current prevalence, risk factors, and pathogenesis of dual infections with HIV, HBV, and HCV. We also briefly overviewed the diagnosis and treatment of coinfections of these three blood-borne viruses. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8865087/ /pubmed/35222296 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.780887 Text en Copyright © 2022 Shahriar, Araf, Ahmad, Kattel, Sah, Rahaman, Sadiea, Sultana, Islam, Zheng and Hossain. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Shahriar, Sagarika Araf, Yusha Ahmad, Rasel Kattel, Pravakar Sah, Ganga Sagar Rahaman, Tanjim Ishraq Sadiea, Rahila Zannat Sultana, Shahnaj Islam, Md. Sayeedul Zheng, Chunfu Hossain, Md. Golzar Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment |
title | Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment |
title_full | Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment |
title_fullStr | Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment |
title_full_unstemmed | Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment |
title_short | Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment |
title_sort | insights into the coinfections of human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis b virus, human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis c virus, and hepatitis b virus-hepatitis c virus: prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8865087/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222296 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.780887 |
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