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Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus are three blood-borne viruses that can cause major global health issues by increasing severe morbidity. There is a high risk of coinfection with these viruses in individuals because of their same transmission routes through blood...

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Autores principales: Shahriar, Sagarika, Araf, Yusha, Ahmad, Rasel, Kattel, Pravakar, Sah, Ganga Sagar, Rahaman, Tanjim Ishraq, Sadiea, Rahila Zannat, Sultana, Shahnaj, Islam, Md. Sayeedul, Zheng, Chunfu, Hossain, Md. Golzar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8865087/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222296
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.780887
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author Shahriar, Sagarika
Araf, Yusha
Ahmad, Rasel
Kattel, Pravakar
Sah, Ganga Sagar
Rahaman, Tanjim Ishraq
Sadiea, Rahila Zannat
Sultana, Shahnaj
Islam, Md. Sayeedul
Zheng, Chunfu
Hossain, Md. Golzar
author_facet Shahriar, Sagarika
Araf, Yusha
Ahmad, Rasel
Kattel, Pravakar
Sah, Ganga Sagar
Rahaman, Tanjim Ishraq
Sadiea, Rahila Zannat
Sultana, Shahnaj
Islam, Md. Sayeedul
Zheng, Chunfu
Hossain, Md. Golzar
author_sort Shahriar, Sagarika
collection PubMed
description Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus are three blood-borne viruses that can cause major global health issues by increasing severe morbidity. There is a high risk of coinfection with these viruses in individuals because of their same transmission routes through blood using shared needles, syringes, other injection equipment, sexual transmission, or even vertical transmission. Coinfection can cause various liver-related illnesses, non-hepatic organ dysfunction, followed by death compared to any of these single infections. The treatment of coinfected patients is complicated due to the side effects of antiviral medication, resulting in drug resistance, hepatotoxicity, and a lack of required responses. On the other hand, coinfected individuals must be treated with multiple drugs simultaneously, such as for HIV either along with HBV or HCV and HBV and HCV. Therefore, diagnosing, treating, and controlling dual infections with HIV, HBV, or HCV is complicated and needs further investigation. This review focuses on the current prevalence, risk factors, and pathogenesis of dual infections with HIV, HBV, and HCV. We also briefly overviewed the diagnosis and treatment of coinfections of these three blood-borne viruses.
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spelling pubmed-88650872022-02-24 Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment Shahriar, Sagarika Araf, Yusha Ahmad, Rasel Kattel, Pravakar Sah, Ganga Sagar Rahaman, Tanjim Ishraq Sadiea, Rahila Zannat Sultana, Shahnaj Islam, Md. Sayeedul Zheng, Chunfu Hossain, Md. Golzar Front Microbiol Microbiology Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus are three blood-borne viruses that can cause major global health issues by increasing severe morbidity. There is a high risk of coinfection with these viruses in individuals because of their same transmission routes through blood using shared needles, syringes, other injection equipment, sexual transmission, or even vertical transmission. Coinfection can cause various liver-related illnesses, non-hepatic organ dysfunction, followed by death compared to any of these single infections. The treatment of coinfected patients is complicated due to the side effects of antiviral medication, resulting in drug resistance, hepatotoxicity, and a lack of required responses. On the other hand, coinfected individuals must be treated with multiple drugs simultaneously, such as for HIV either along with HBV or HCV and HBV and HCV. Therefore, diagnosing, treating, and controlling dual infections with HIV, HBV, or HCV is complicated and needs further investigation. This review focuses on the current prevalence, risk factors, and pathogenesis of dual infections with HIV, HBV, and HCV. We also briefly overviewed the diagnosis and treatment of coinfections of these three blood-borne viruses. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8865087/ /pubmed/35222296 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.780887 Text en Copyright © 2022 Shahriar, Araf, Ahmad, Kattel, Sah, Rahaman, Sadiea, Sultana, Islam, Zheng and Hossain. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Shahriar, Sagarika
Araf, Yusha
Ahmad, Rasel
Kattel, Pravakar
Sah, Ganga Sagar
Rahaman, Tanjim Ishraq
Sadiea, Rahila Zannat
Sultana, Shahnaj
Islam, Md. Sayeedul
Zheng, Chunfu
Hossain, Md. Golzar
Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment
title Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment
title_full Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment
title_fullStr Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment
title_short Insights Into the Coinfections of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis B Virus, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Hepatitis C Virus, and Hepatitis B Virus-Hepatitis C Virus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment
title_sort insights into the coinfections of human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis b virus, human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis c virus, and hepatitis b virus-hepatitis c virus: prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8865087/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222296
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.780887
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