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Difference-frequency generation in optically poled silicon nitride waveguides

Difference-frequency generation (DFG) is elemental for nonlinear parametric processes such as optical parametric oscillation and is instrumental for generating coherent light at long wavelengths, especially in the middle infrared. Second-order nonlinear frequency conversion processes like DFG requir...

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Autores principales: Sahin, Ezgi, Zabelich, Boris, Yakar, Ozan, Nitiss, Edgars, Liu, Junqiu, Wang, Rui N., Kippenberg, Tobias J., Brès, Camille-Sophie
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: De Gruyter 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8865395/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35880094
http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0080
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author Sahin, Ezgi
Zabelich, Boris
Yakar, Ozan
Nitiss, Edgars
Liu, Junqiu
Wang, Rui N.
Kippenberg, Tobias J.
Brès, Camille-Sophie
author_facet Sahin, Ezgi
Zabelich, Boris
Yakar, Ozan
Nitiss, Edgars
Liu, Junqiu
Wang, Rui N.
Kippenberg, Tobias J.
Brès, Camille-Sophie
author_sort Sahin, Ezgi
collection PubMed
description Difference-frequency generation (DFG) is elemental for nonlinear parametric processes such as optical parametric oscillation and is instrumental for generating coherent light at long wavelengths, especially in the middle infrared. Second-order nonlinear frequency conversion processes like DFG require a second-order susceptibility χ ((2)), which is absent in centrosymmetric materials, e.g. silicon-based platforms. All-optical poling is a versatile method for inducing an effective χ ((2)) in centrosymmetric materials through periodic self-organization of charges. Such all-optically inscribed grating can compensate for the absence of the inherent second-order nonlinearity in integrated photonics platforms. Relying on this induced effective χ ((2)) in stoichiometric silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) waveguides, second-order nonlinear frequency conversion processes, such as second-harmonic generation, were previously demonstrated. However up to now, DFG remained out of reach. Here, we report both near- and non-degenerate DFG in all-optically poled Si(3)N(4) waveguides. Exploiting dispersion engineering, particularly rethinking how dispersion can be leveraged to satisfy multiple processes simultaneously, we unlock nonlinear frequency conversion near 2 μm relying on all-optical poling at telecommunication wavelengths. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with theoretically predicted behaviours, validating our approach and opening the way for the design of new types of integrated sources in silicon photonics.
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spelling pubmed-88653952022-03-31 Difference-frequency generation in optically poled silicon nitride waveguides Sahin, Ezgi Zabelich, Boris Yakar, Ozan Nitiss, Edgars Liu, Junqiu Wang, Rui N. Kippenberg, Tobias J. Brès, Camille-Sophie Nanophotonics Research Article Difference-frequency generation (DFG) is elemental for nonlinear parametric processes such as optical parametric oscillation and is instrumental for generating coherent light at long wavelengths, especially in the middle infrared. Second-order nonlinear frequency conversion processes like DFG require a second-order susceptibility χ ((2)), which is absent in centrosymmetric materials, e.g. silicon-based platforms. All-optical poling is a versatile method for inducing an effective χ ((2)) in centrosymmetric materials through periodic self-organization of charges. Such all-optically inscribed grating can compensate for the absence of the inherent second-order nonlinearity in integrated photonics platforms. Relying on this induced effective χ ((2)) in stoichiometric silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) waveguides, second-order nonlinear frequency conversion processes, such as second-harmonic generation, were previously demonstrated. However up to now, DFG remained out of reach. Here, we report both near- and non-degenerate DFG in all-optically poled Si(3)N(4) waveguides. Exploiting dispersion engineering, particularly rethinking how dispersion can be leveraged to satisfy multiple processes simultaneously, we unlock nonlinear frequency conversion near 2 μm relying on all-optical poling at telecommunication wavelengths. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with theoretically predicted behaviours, validating our approach and opening the way for the design of new types of integrated sources in silicon photonics. De Gruyter 2021-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8865395/ /pubmed/35880094 http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0080 Text en © 2021 Ezgi Sahin et al., published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
spellingShingle Research Article
Sahin, Ezgi
Zabelich, Boris
Yakar, Ozan
Nitiss, Edgars
Liu, Junqiu
Wang, Rui N.
Kippenberg, Tobias J.
Brès, Camille-Sophie
Difference-frequency generation in optically poled silicon nitride waveguides
title Difference-frequency generation in optically poled silicon nitride waveguides
title_full Difference-frequency generation in optically poled silicon nitride waveguides
title_fullStr Difference-frequency generation in optically poled silicon nitride waveguides
title_full_unstemmed Difference-frequency generation in optically poled silicon nitride waveguides
title_short Difference-frequency generation in optically poled silicon nitride waveguides
title_sort difference-frequency generation in optically poled silicon nitride waveguides
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8865395/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35880094
http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0080
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