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The B.1.427/1.429 (epsilon) SARS-CoV-2 variants are more virulent than ancestral B.1 (614G) in Syrian hamsters
As novel SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, it is critical that their potential to cause severe disease and evade vaccine-induced immunity is rapidly assessed in humans and studied in animal models. In early January 2021, a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant designated B.1.429 comprising 2 lineages, B.1....
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8865701/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35143587 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009914 |
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author | Carroll, Timothy Fox, Douglas van Doremalen, Neeltje Ball, Erin Morris, Mary Kate Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Alicia Servellita, Venice Rustagi, Arjun Yinda, Claude Kwe Fritts, Linda Port, Julia Rebecca Ma, Zhong-Min Holbrook, Myndi G. Schulz, Jonathan Blish, Catherine A. Hanson, Carl Chiu, Charles Y. Munster, Vincent Stanley, Sarah Miller, Christopher J. |
author_facet | Carroll, Timothy Fox, Douglas van Doremalen, Neeltje Ball, Erin Morris, Mary Kate Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Alicia Servellita, Venice Rustagi, Arjun Yinda, Claude Kwe Fritts, Linda Port, Julia Rebecca Ma, Zhong-Min Holbrook, Myndi G. Schulz, Jonathan Blish, Catherine A. Hanson, Carl Chiu, Charles Y. Munster, Vincent Stanley, Sarah Miller, Christopher J. |
author_sort | Carroll, Timothy |
collection | PubMed |
description | As novel SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, it is critical that their potential to cause severe disease and evade vaccine-induced immunity is rapidly assessed in humans and studied in animal models. In early January 2021, a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant designated B.1.429 comprising 2 lineages, B.1.427 and B.1.429, was originally detected in California (CA) and it was shown to have enhanced infectivity in vitro and decreased antibody neutralization by plasma from convalescent patients and vaccine recipients. Here we examine the virulence, transmissibility, and susceptibility to pre-existing immunity for B 1.427 and B 1.429 in the Syrian hamster model. We find that both variants exhibit enhanced virulence as measured by increased body weight loss compared to hamsters infected with ancestral B.1 (614G), with B.1.429 causing the most marked body weight loss among the 3 variants. Faster dissemination from airways to parenchyma and more severe lung pathology at both early and late stages were also observed with B.1.429 infections relative to B.1. (614G) and B.1.427 infections. In addition, subgenomic viral RNA (sgRNA) levels were highest in oral swabs of hamsters infected with B.1.429, however sgRNA levels in lungs were similar in all three variants. This demonstrates that B.1.429 replicates to higher levels than ancestral B.1 (614G) or B.1.427 in the oropharynx but not in the lungs. In multi-virus in-vivo competition experiments, we found that B.1. (614G), epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.429) and gamma (P.1) dramatically outcompete alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351) and zeta (P.2) in the lungs. In the nasal cavity, B.1. (614G), gamma, and epsilon dominate, but the highly infectious alpha variant also maintains a moderate size niche. We did not observe significant differences in airborne transmission efficiency among the B.1.427, B.1.429 and ancestral B.1 (614G) and WA-1 variants in hamsters. These results demonstrate enhanced virulence and high relative oropharyngeal replication of the epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.429) variant in Syrian hamsters compared to an ancestral B.1 (614G) variant. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8865701 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88657012022-02-24 The B.1.427/1.429 (epsilon) SARS-CoV-2 variants are more virulent than ancestral B.1 (614G) in Syrian hamsters Carroll, Timothy Fox, Douglas van Doremalen, Neeltje Ball, Erin Morris, Mary Kate Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Alicia Servellita, Venice Rustagi, Arjun Yinda, Claude Kwe Fritts, Linda Port, Julia Rebecca Ma, Zhong-Min Holbrook, Myndi G. Schulz, Jonathan Blish, Catherine A. Hanson, Carl Chiu, Charles Y. Munster, Vincent Stanley, Sarah Miller, Christopher J. PLoS Pathog Research Article As novel SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, it is critical that their potential to cause severe disease and evade vaccine-induced immunity is rapidly assessed in humans and studied in animal models. In early January 2021, a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant designated B.1.429 comprising 2 lineages, B.1.427 and B.1.429, was originally detected in California (CA) and it was shown to have enhanced infectivity in vitro and decreased antibody neutralization by plasma from convalescent patients and vaccine recipients. Here we examine the virulence, transmissibility, and susceptibility to pre-existing immunity for B 1.427 and B 1.429 in the Syrian hamster model. We find that both variants exhibit enhanced virulence as measured by increased body weight loss compared to hamsters infected with ancestral B.1 (614G), with B.1.429 causing the most marked body weight loss among the 3 variants. Faster dissemination from airways to parenchyma and more severe lung pathology at both early and late stages were also observed with B.1.429 infections relative to B.1. (614G) and B.1.427 infections. In addition, subgenomic viral RNA (sgRNA) levels were highest in oral swabs of hamsters infected with B.1.429, however sgRNA levels in lungs were similar in all three variants. This demonstrates that B.1.429 replicates to higher levels than ancestral B.1 (614G) or B.1.427 in the oropharynx but not in the lungs. In multi-virus in-vivo competition experiments, we found that B.1. (614G), epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.429) and gamma (P.1) dramatically outcompete alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351) and zeta (P.2) in the lungs. In the nasal cavity, B.1. (614G), gamma, and epsilon dominate, but the highly infectious alpha variant also maintains a moderate size niche. We did not observe significant differences in airborne transmission efficiency among the B.1.427, B.1.429 and ancestral B.1 (614G) and WA-1 variants in hamsters. These results demonstrate enhanced virulence and high relative oropharyngeal replication of the epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.429) variant in Syrian hamsters compared to an ancestral B.1 (614G) variant. Public Library of Science 2022-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8865701/ /pubmed/35143587 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009914 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Carroll, Timothy Fox, Douglas van Doremalen, Neeltje Ball, Erin Morris, Mary Kate Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Alicia Servellita, Venice Rustagi, Arjun Yinda, Claude Kwe Fritts, Linda Port, Julia Rebecca Ma, Zhong-Min Holbrook, Myndi G. Schulz, Jonathan Blish, Catherine A. Hanson, Carl Chiu, Charles Y. Munster, Vincent Stanley, Sarah Miller, Christopher J. The B.1.427/1.429 (epsilon) SARS-CoV-2 variants are more virulent than ancestral B.1 (614G) in Syrian hamsters |
title | The B.1.427/1.429 (epsilon) SARS-CoV-2 variants are more virulent than ancestral B.1 (614G) in Syrian hamsters |
title_full | The B.1.427/1.429 (epsilon) SARS-CoV-2 variants are more virulent than ancestral B.1 (614G) in Syrian hamsters |
title_fullStr | The B.1.427/1.429 (epsilon) SARS-CoV-2 variants are more virulent than ancestral B.1 (614G) in Syrian hamsters |
title_full_unstemmed | The B.1.427/1.429 (epsilon) SARS-CoV-2 variants are more virulent than ancestral B.1 (614G) in Syrian hamsters |
title_short | The B.1.427/1.429 (epsilon) SARS-CoV-2 variants are more virulent than ancestral B.1 (614G) in Syrian hamsters |
title_sort | b.1.427/1.429 (epsilon) sars-cov-2 variants are more virulent than ancestral b.1 (614g) in syrian hamsters |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8865701/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35143587 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009914 |
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