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Antitumor Effects of Natural Bioactive Ursolic Acid in Embryonic Cancer Stem Cells
Embryonic cancer cells (CSCs) could cause different types of cancer, a skill that makes them even more dangerous than other cancer cells. Identifying CSCs using natural products is a good option as it inhibits the recurrence of cancer with moderate various effects. Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8866021/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222644 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6737248 |
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author | Kang, Dong Young Sp, Nipin Jang, Kyoung-Jin Jo, Eun Seong Bae, Se Won Yang, Young Mok |
author_facet | Kang, Dong Young Sp, Nipin Jang, Kyoung-Jin Jo, Eun Seong Bae, Se Won Yang, Young Mok |
author_sort | Kang, Dong Young |
collection | PubMed |
description | Embryonic cancer cells (CSCs) could cause different types of cancer, a skill that makes them even more dangerous than other cancer cells. Identifying CSCs using natural products is a good option as it inhibits the recurrence of cancer with moderate various effects. Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from fruit and herbal remedies and has known anticancer functions against various cancer cells. However, its potential against CSCs remains uncertain. This study was planned to examine the induction of cell apoptosis by the UA. For cell signaling studies, we performed experiments, which are real-time qPCR and immunoblotting. Also, various cellular processes were analyzed using flow cytometry. The results raised a barrier to cell proliferation by the UA in NTERA-2 and NCCIT cells. Morphological studies also confirmed the UA's ability to cause cell death in embryonic CSCs. Examination of cell death importation showed that the UA formed the expression of the iNOS and thus the cell generation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen generation, which created a reaction to cellular DNA damage by raising the protein levels of phospho-histone ATR and ATM. In addition, the UA created the binding of the G0/G1 cell cycle to NTERA-2 and NCCIT cells, improved the expression levels of p21 and p27, and reduced the expression levels of CDK4, cyclin D1, and cyclin E, confirming the UA's ability to initiate cell cycle arrest. Finally, the UA created an internal mechanism of apoptosis in the embryonic CSC using BAX and cytochrome c regulation as well as the regulation of BCL-xL and BCL-2 proteins. Therefore, UA could be the best candidate for targeting CSCs and thus suppressing the emergence of cancer. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8866021 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88660212022-02-24 Antitumor Effects of Natural Bioactive Ursolic Acid in Embryonic Cancer Stem Cells Kang, Dong Young Sp, Nipin Jang, Kyoung-Jin Jo, Eun Seong Bae, Se Won Yang, Young Mok J Oncol Research Article Embryonic cancer cells (CSCs) could cause different types of cancer, a skill that makes them even more dangerous than other cancer cells. Identifying CSCs using natural products is a good option as it inhibits the recurrence of cancer with moderate various effects. Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from fruit and herbal remedies and has known anticancer functions against various cancer cells. However, its potential against CSCs remains uncertain. This study was planned to examine the induction of cell apoptosis by the UA. For cell signaling studies, we performed experiments, which are real-time qPCR and immunoblotting. Also, various cellular processes were analyzed using flow cytometry. The results raised a barrier to cell proliferation by the UA in NTERA-2 and NCCIT cells. Morphological studies also confirmed the UA's ability to cause cell death in embryonic CSCs. Examination of cell death importation showed that the UA formed the expression of the iNOS and thus the cell generation and mitochondrial reactive oxygen generation, which created a reaction to cellular DNA damage by raising the protein levels of phospho-histone ATR and ATM. In addition, the UA created the binding of the G0/G1 cell cycle to NTERA-2 and NCCIT cells, improved the expression levels of p21 and p27, and reduced the expression levels of CDK4, cyclin D1, and cyclin E, confirming the UA's ability to initiate cell cycle arrest. Finally, the UA created an internal mechanism of apoptosis in the embryonic CSC using BAX and cytochrome c regulation as well as the regulation of BCL-xL and BCL-2 proteins. Therefore, UA could be the best candidate for targeting CSCs and thus suppressing the emergence of cancer. Hindawi 2022-02-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8866021/ /pubmed/35222644 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6737248 Text en Copyright © 2022 Dong Young Kang et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kang, Dong Young Sp, Nipin Jang, Kyoung-Jin Jo, Eun Seong Bae, Se Won Yang, Young Mok Antitumor Effects of Natural Bioactive Ursolic Acid in Embryonic Cancer Stem Cells |
title | Antitumor Effects of Natural Bioactive Ursolic Acid in Embryonic Cancer Stem Cells |
title_full | Antitumor Effects of Natural Bioactive Ursolic Acid in Embryonic Cancer Stem Cells |
title_fullStr | Antitumor Effects of Natural Bioactive Ursolic Acid in Embryonic Cancer Stem Cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Antitumor Effects of Natural Bioactive Ursolic Acid in Embryonic Cancer Stem Cells |
title_short | Antitumor Effects of Natural Bioactive Ursolic Acid in Embryonic Cancer Stem Cells |
title_sort | antitumor effects of natural bioactive ursolic acid in embryonic cancer stem cells |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8866021/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222644 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6737248 |
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