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An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot study

BACKGROUND: More research is needed in the field of Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioral Treatments (ICBTs) for specific phobia in order to understand which characteristics are important in online exposure scenarios. The aim of the present work was to conduct a feasibility pilot study to explore...

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Autores principales: Mor, Sonia, Botella, Cristina, Campos, Daniel, Carlbring, Per, Tur, Cintia, Quero, Soledad
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8866141/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35242593
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100510
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author Mor, Sonia
Botella, Cristina
Campos, Daniel
Carlbring, Per
Tur, Cintia
Quero, Soledad
author_facet Mor, Sonia
Botella, Cristina
Campos, Daniel
Carlbring, Per
Tur, Cintia
Quero, Soledad
author_sort Mor, Sonia
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: More research is needed in the field of Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioral Treatments (ICBTs) for specific phobia in order to understand which characteristics are important in online exposure scenarios. The aim of the present work was to conduct a feasibility pilot study to explore participants' opinions, preferences, and acceptability ratings of two types of images (still images vs 360° navigable images) in an ICBT for Flying Phobia (FP). A secondary aim was to test the potential effectiveness of the two active treatment arms compared to a waiting list control group. An exploratory aim was to compare the role of navigable images vs. still images in the level of sense of presence and reality judgment and explore their possible mediation in treatment effectiveness. METHODS: Participants were randomly allocated to three conditions: NO-FEAR Airlines with still images (n = 26), NO-FEAR Airlines with still and navigable images (n = 26), and a waiting list group (n = 26). Primary outcome measures were participants' opinions, preferences, satisfaction, and acceptance regarding the images used in the exposure scenarios. Secondary outcome measures included FP symptomatology outcomes and measures of sense of presence and reality judgment. RESULTS: Participants in the study preferred navigable images over still images before and after treatment (over 84%), and they considered them more effective and logical for the treatment of their problem. However, adherence in the experimental conditions was low (42.3% dropout rate), and more participants withdrew from the group that included navigable images compared to the group that only included still images (14 vs. 8), with no statistical differences in attrition between the two conditions. NO-FEAR Airlines proved to be effective in reducing FP symptomatology compared to the control group, with large between-group effect sizes on all FP measures (ranging from 0.76 to 2.79). No significant mediation effect was found for sense of presence or reality judgment in treatment effectiveness. DISCUSSION: The results of the current study suggest that participants prefer more immersive images in exposure scenarios, providing data that can help to design useful exposure scenarios to treat specific phobias in the future. They also provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of an ICBT for FP. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03900559) on April 9, 2019. Retrospectively registered.
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spelling pubmed-88661412022-03-02 An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot study Mor, Sonia Botella, Cristina Campos, Daniel Carlbring, Per Tur, Cintia Quero, Soledad Internet Interv Full length Article BACKGROUND: More research is needed in the field of Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioral Treatments (ICBTs) for specific phobia in order to understand which characteristics are important in online exposure scenarios. The aim of the present work was to conduct a feasibility pilot study to explore participants' opinions, preferences, and acceptability ratings of two types of images (still images vs 360° navigable images) in an ICBT for Flying Phobia (FP). A secondary aim was to test the potential effectiveness of the two active treatment arms compared to a waiting list control group. An exploratory aim was to compare the role of navigable images vs. still images in the level of sense of presence and reality judgment and explore their possible mediation in treatment effectiveness. METHODS: Participants were randomly allocated to three conditions: NO-FEAR Airlines with still images (n = 26), NO-FEAR Airlines with still and navigable images (n = 26), and a waiting list group (n = 26). Primary outcome measures were participants' opinions, preferences, satisfaction, and acceptance regarding the images used in the exposure scenarios. Secondary outcome measures included FP symptomatology outcomes and measures of sense of presence and reality judgment. RESULTS: Participants in the study preferred navigable images over still images before and after treatment (over 84%), and they considered them more effective and logical for the treatment of their problem. However, adherence in the experimental conditions was low (42.3% dropout rate), and more participants withdrew from the group that included navigable images compared to the group that only included still images (14 vs. 8), with no statistical differences in attrition between the two conditions. NO-FEAR Airlines proved to be effective in reducing FP symptomatology compared to the control group, with large between-group effect sizes on all FP measures (ranging from 0.76 to 2.79). No significant mediation effect was found for sense of presence or reality judgment in treatment effectiveness. DISCUSSION: The results of the current study suggest that participants prefer more immersive images in exposure scenarios, providing data that can help to design useful exposure scenarios to treat specific phobias in the future. They also provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of an ICBT for FP. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03900559) on April 9, 2019. Retrospectively registered. Elsevier 2022-02-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8866141/ /pubmed/35242593 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100510 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Full length Article
Mor, Sonia
Botella, Cristina
Campos, Daniel
Carlbring, Per
Tur, Cintia
Quero, Soledad
An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot study
title An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot study
title_full An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot study
title_fullStr An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot study
title_full_unstemmed An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot study
title_short An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot study
title_sort internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: a feasibility pilot study
topic Full length Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8866141/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35242593
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2022.100510
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