Cargando…
DFT Case Study on the Comparison of Ruthenium-Catalyzed C–H Allylation, C–H Alkenylation, and Hydroarylation
[Image: see text] Density functional calculations at the B3LYP-D3+IDSCRF/TZP-DKH(-dfg) level of theory have been performed to understand the mechanism of ruthenium-catalyzed C–H allylation reported in the literature in depth. The plausible pathway consisted of four sequential processes, including C–...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2022
|
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8867598/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35224376 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c06584 |
_version_ | 1784656085840297984 |
---|---|
author | Zhang, Lei Wang, Ling-Ling Fang, De-Cai |
author_facet | Zhang, Lei Wang, Ling-Ling Fang, De-Cai |
author_sort | Zhang, Lei |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] Density functional calculations at the B3LYP-D3+IDSCRF/TZP-DKH(-dfg) level of theory have been performed to understand the mechanism of ruthenium-catalyzed C–H allylation reported in the literature in depth. The plausible pathway consisted of four sequential processes, including C–H activation, migratory insertion, amide extrusion, and recovery of the catalyst, in which C–H activation was identified as the rate-determining step. The amide extrusion step could be promoted kinetically by trifluoroacetic acid since its mediation lowered the free-energy barrier from 32.1 to 12.2 kcal/mol. Additional calculations have been performed to explore other common pathways between arenes and alkenes, such as C–H alkenylation and hydroarylation. A comparison of the amide extrusion and β-H elimination steps established the following reactivity sequence of the leaving groups: protonated amide group > β-H group > unprotonated amide group. The suppression of hydroarylation was attributed to the sluggishness of the Ru–C protonation step as compared to the amide extrusion step. This study can unveil factors favoring the C–H allylation reaction. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8867598 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88675982022-02-25 DFT Case Study on the Comparison of Ruthenium-Catalyzed C–H Allylation, C–H Alkenylation, and Hydroarylation Zhang, Lei Wang, Ling-Ling Fang, De-Cai ACS Omega [Image: see text] Density functional calculations at the B3LYP-D3+IDSCRF/TZP-DKH(-dfg) level of theory have been performed to understand the mechanism of ruthenium-catalyzed C–H allylation reported in the literature in depth. The plausible pathway consisted of four sequential processes, including C–H activation, migratory insertion, amide extrusion, and recovery of the catalyst, in which C–H activation was identified as the rate-determining step. The amide extrusion step could be promoted kinetically by trifluoroacetic acid since its mediation lowered the free-energy barrier from 32.1 to 12.2 kcal/mol. Additional calculations have been performed to explore other common pathways between arenes and alkenes, such as C–H alkenylation and hydroarylation. A comparison of the amide extrusion and β-H elimination steps established the following reactivity sequence of the leaving groups: protonated amide group > β-H group > unprotonated amide group. The suppression of hydroarylation was attributed to the sluggishness of the Ru–C protonation step as compared to the amide extrusion step. This study can unveil factors favoring the C–H allylation reaction. American Chemical Society 2022-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8867598/ /pubmed/35224376 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c06584 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Permits non-commercial access and re-use, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained; but does not permit creation of adaptations or other derivative works (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Zhang, Lei Wang, Ling-Ling Fang, De-Cai DFT Case Study on the Comparison of Ruthenium-Catalyzed C–H Allylation, C–H Alkenylation, and Hydroarylation |
title | DFT Case Study on the Comparison of Ruthenium-Catalyzed
C–H Allylation, C–H Alkenylation, and Hydroarylation |
title_full | DFT Case Study on the Comparison of Ruthenium-Catalyzed
C–H Allylation, C–H Alkenylation, and Hydroarylation |
title_fullStr | DFT Case Study on the Comparison of Ruthenium-Catalyzed
C–H Allylation, C–H Alkenylation, and Hydroarylation |
title_full_unstemmed | DFT Case Study on the Comparison of Ruthenium-Catalyzed
C–H Allylation, C–H Alkenylation, and Hydroarylation |
title_short | DFT Case Study on the Comparison of Ruthenium-Catalyzed
C–H Allylation, C–H Alkenylation, and Hydroarylation |
title_sort | dft case study on the comparison of ruthenium-catalyzed
c–h allylation, c–h alkenylation, and hydroarylation |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8867598/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35224376 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c06584 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT zhanglei dftcasestudyonthecomparisonofrutheniumcatalyzedchallylationchalkenylationandhydroarylation AT wanglingling dftcasestudyonthecomparisonofrutheniumcatalyzedchallylationchalkenylationandhydroarylation AT fangdecai dftcasestudyonthecomparisonofrutheniumcatalyzedchallylationchalkenylationandhydroarylation |