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Trends in total fertility rate in Ghana by different inequality dimensions from 1993 to 2014

BACKGROUND: The past few decades witnessed a considerable decline in total fertility rates globally. However in Ghana, there has been a slight increase in the fertility rate with little understanding of the reason for the increment. To understand this change, it is important to first examine the tre...

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Autores principales: Agbaglo, Ebenezer, Agbadi, Pascal, Tetteh, Justice Kanor, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Adu, Collins, Nutor, Jerry John
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8867828/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35197037
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01629-w
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author Agbaglo, Ebenezer
Agbadi, Pascal
Tetteh, Justice Kanor
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
Adu, Collins
Nutor, Jerry John
author_facet Agbaglo, Ebenezer
Agbadi, Pascal
Tetteh, Justice Kanor
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
Adu, Collins
Nutor, Jerry John
author_sort Agbaglo, Ebenezer
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The past few decades witnessed a considerable decline in total fertility rates globally. However in Ghana, there has been a slight increase in the fertility rate with little understanding of the reason for the increment. To understand this change, it is important to first examine the trend over a considerable period of time while taking into consideration some important inequality dimensions. This informed the need for this present study as we examined the trends in total fertility rate in Ghana by different inequality dimensions from 1993 to 2014. METHODS: Data from the 1993–2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys were used for the study, and we relied on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) software for the analysis. The analysis involved disaggregation of TFR by wealth index, education, place of residence and region. This was followed by the estimation of inequality by Difference, Population Attributable Risk, Ratio and Population Attributable Fraction. In the analysis, we set the statistical significance at a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: For all surveys, the total fertility rate was consistently highest among the poorest women (7.00, 6.28, 6.77, 6.61 and 6.29 in 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2014, respectively). The highest total fertility rate was recorded among women with no formal education in all the survey years. For instance, in the 2014 survey, the total fertility rate for women with no formal education was 5.98 and those with secondary/higher had a total fertility rate of 3.40. Women in rural areas had a higher total fertility rate compared to those in urban areas (4.90 vs. 3.40 in 2014). In terms of sub-national regions, the Northern region was the region where women consistently had the highest total fertility rate. CONCLUSION: There is a need for a collective effort to design interventions and policies to create awareness among the people of Ghana especially girls and women on the implications of high fertility.
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spelling pubmed-88678282022-02-25 Trends in total fertility rate in Ghana by different inequality dimensions from 1993 to 2014 Agbaglo, Ebenezer Agbadi, Pascal Tetteh, Justice Kanor Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena Adu, Collins Nutor, Jerry John BMC Womens Health Research BACKGROUND: The past few decades witnessed a considerable decline in total fertility rates globally. However in Ghana, there has been a slight increase in the fertility rate with little understanding of the reason for the increment. To understand this change, it is important to first examine the trend over a considerable period of time while taking into consideration some important inequality dimensions. This informed the need for this present study as we examined the trends in total fertility rate in Ghana by different inequality dimensions from 1993 to 2014. METHODS: Data from the 1993–2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys were used for the study, and we relied on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) software for the analysis. The analysis involved disaggregation of TFR by wealth index, education, place of residence and region. This was followed by the estimation of inequality by Difference, Population Attributable Risk, Ratio and Population Attributable Fraction. In the analysis, we set the statistical significance at a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: For all surveys, the total fertility rate was consistently highest among the poorest women (7.00, 6.28, 6.77, 6.61 and 6.29 in 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008 and 2014, respectively). The highest total fertility rate was recorded among women with no formal education in all the survey years. For instance, in the 2014 survey, the total fertility rate for women with no formal education was 5.98 and those with secondary/higher had a total fertility rate of 3.40. Women in rural areas had a higher total fertility rate compared to those in urban areas (4.90 vs. 3.40 in 2014). In terms of sub-national regions, the Northern region was the region where women consistently had the highest total fertility rate. CONCLUSION: There is a need for a collective effort to design interventions and policies to create awareness among the people of Ghana especially girls and women on the implications of high fertility. BioMed Central 2022-02-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8867828/ /pubmed/35197037 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01629-w Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Agbaglo, Ebenezer
Agbadi, Pascal
Tetteh, Justice Kanor
Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena
Adu, Collins
Nutor, Jerry John
Trends in total fertility rate in Ghana by different inequality dimensions from 1993 to 2014
title Trends in total fertility rate in Ghana by different inequality dimensions from 1993 to 2014
title_full Trends in total fertility rate in Ghana by different inequality dimensions from 1993 to 2014
title_fullStr Trends in total fertility rate in Ghana by different inequality dimensions from 1993 to 2014
title_full_unstemmed Trends in total fertility rate in Ghana by different inequality dimensions from 1993 to 2014
title_short Trends in total fertility rate in Ghana by different inequality dimensions from 1993 to 2014
title_sort trends in total fertility rate in ghana by different inequality dimensions from 1993 to 2014
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8867828/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35197037
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01629-w
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