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Deep-Breathing Biofeedback Trainability in a Virtual-Reality Action Game: A Single-Case Design Study With Police Trainers
It is widely recognized that police performance may be hindered by psychophysiological state changes during acute stress. To address the need for awareness and control of these physiological changes, police academies in many countries have implemented Heart-Rate Variability (HRV) biofeedback trainin...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8868154/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222194 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.806163 |
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author | Michela, Abele van Peer, Jacobien M. Brammer, Jan C. Nies, Anique van Rooij, Marieke M. J. W. Oostenveld, Robert Dorrestijn, Wendy Smit, Annika S. Roelofs, Karin Klumpers, Floris Granic, Isabela |
author_facet | Michela, Abele van Peer, Jacobien M. Brammer, Jan C. Nies, Anique van Rooij, Marieke M. J. W. Oostenveld, Robert Dorrestijn, Wendy Smit, Annika S. Roelofs, Karin Klumpers, Floris Granic, Isabela |
author_sort | Michela, Abele |
collection | PubMed |
description | It is widely recognized that police performance may be hindered by psychophysiological state changes during acute stress. To address the need for awareness and control of these physiological changes, police academies in many countries have implemented Heart-Rate Variability (HRV) biofeedback training. Despite these trainings now being widely delivered in classroom setups, they typically lack the arousing action context needed for successful transfer to the operational field, where officers must apply learned skills, particularly when stress levels rise. The study presented here aimed to address this gap by training physiological control skills in an arousing decision-making context. We developed a Virtual-Reality (VR) breathing-based biofeedback training in which police officers perform deep and slow diaphragmatic breathing in an engaging game-like action context. This VR game consisted of a selective shoot/don’t shoot game designed to assess response inhibition, an impaired capacity in high arousal situations. Biofeedback was provided based on adherence to a slow breathing pace: the slower and deeper the breathing, the less constrained peripheral vision became, facilitating accurate responses to the in-game demands. A total of nine male police trainers completed 10 sessions over a 4-week period as part of a single-case experimental ABAB study-design (i.e., alternating sessions with and without biofeedback). Results showed that eight out of nine participants showed improved breathing control in action, with a positive effect on breathing-induced low frequency HRV, while also improving their in-game behavioral performance. Critically, the breathing-based skill learning transferred to subsequent sessions in which biofeedback was not presented. Importantly, all participants remained highly engaged throughout the training. Altogether, our study showed that our VR environment can be used to train breathing regulation in an arousing and active decision-making context. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8868154 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88681542022-02-25 Deep-Breathing Biofeedback Trainability in a Virtual-Reality Action Game: A Single-Case Design Study With Police Trainers Michela, Abele van Peer, Jacobien M. Brammer, Jan C. Nies, Anique van Rooij, Marieke M. J. W. Oostenveld, Robert Dorrestijn, Wendy Smit, Annika S. Roelofs, Karin Klumpers, Floris Granic, Isabela Front Psychol Psychology It is widely recognized that police performance may be hindered by psychophysiological state changes during acute stress. To address the need for awareness and control of these physiological changes, police academies in many countries have implemented Heart-Rate Variability (HRV) biofeedback training. Despite these trainings now being widely delivered in classroom setups, they typically lack the arousing action context needed for successful transfer to the operational field, where officers must apply learned skills, particularly when stress levels rise. The study presented here aimed to address this gap by training physiological control skills in an arousing decision-making context. We developed a Virtual-Reality (VR) breathing-based biofeedback training in which police officers perform deep and slow diaphragmatic breathing in an engaging game-like action context. This VR game consisted of a selective shoot/don’t shoot game designed to assess response inhibition, an impaired capacity in high arousal situations. Biofeedback was provided based on adherence to a slow breathing pace: the slower and deeper the breathing, the less constrained peripheral vision became, facilitating accurate responses to the in-game demands. A total of nine male police trainers completed 10 sessions over a 4-week period as part of a single-case experimental ABAB study-design (i.e., alternating sessions with and without biofeedback). Results showed that eight out of nine participants showed improved breathing control in action, with a positive effect on breathing-induced low frequency HRV, while also improving their in-game behavioral performance. Critically, the breathing-based skill learning transferred to subsequent sessions in which biofeedback was not presented. Importantly, all participants remained highly engaged throughout the training. Altogether, our study showed that our VR environment can be used to train breathing regulation in an arousing and active decision-making context. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8868154/ /pubmed/35222194 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.806163 Text en Copyright © 2022 Michela, van Peer, Brammer, Nies, van Rooij, Oostenveld, Dorrestijn, Smit, Roelofs, Klumpers and Granic. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Michela, Abele van Peer, Jacobien M. Brammer, Jan C. Nies, Anique van Rooij, Marieke M. J. W. Oostenveld, Robert Dorrestijn, Wendy Smit, Annika S. Roelofs, Karin Klumpers, Floris Granic, Isabela Deep-Breathing Biofeedback Trainability in a Virtual-Reality Action Game: A Single-Case Design Study With Police Trainers |
title | Deep-Breathing Biofeedback Trainability in a Virtual-Reality Action Game: A Single-Case Design Study With Police Trainers |
title_full | Deep-Breathing Biofeedback Trainability in a Virtual-Reality Action Game: A Single-Case Design Study With Police Trainers |
title_fullStr | Deep-Breathing Biofeedback Trainability in a Virtual-Reality Action Game: A Single-Case Design Study With Police Trainers |
title_full_unstemmed | Deep-Breathing Biofeedback Trainability in a Virtual-Reality Action Game: A Single-Case Design Study With Police Trainers |
title_short | Deep-Breathing Biofeedback Trainability in a Virtual-Reality Action Game: A Single-Case Design Study With Police Trainers |
title_sort | deep-breathing biofeedback trainability in a virtual-reality action game: a single-case design study with police trainers |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8868154/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222194 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.806163 |
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