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Evaluation of Bi-Lateral Co-Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Rates among COVID-19 Patients
In addition to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, bacterial co-infection plays an essential role in the incidence and progression of SARS-CoV-2 infections by increasing the severity of infection, as well as increasing disease symptoms, death rate and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The current study wa...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8868529/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35203877 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020276 |
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author | Ahmed, Naveed Khan, Madiha Saleem, Waqas Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali Mohamed, Roshan Noor Heboyan, Artak Rabaan, Ali A. Mutair, Abbas Al Alhumaid, Saad Alsadiq, Salman A. Bueid, Ahmed S. Santali, Eman Y. Alestad, Jeehan H. |
author_facet | Ahmed, Naveed Khan, Madiha Saleem, Waqas Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali Mohamed, Roshan Noor Heboyan, Artak Rabaan, Ali A. Mutair, Abbas Al Alhumaid, Saad Alsadiq, Salman A. Bueid, Ahmed S. Santali, Eman Y. Alestad, Jeehan H. |
author_sort | Ahmed, Naveed |
collection | PubMed |
description | In addition to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, bacterial co-infection plays an essential role in the incidence and progression of SARS-CoV-2 infections by increasing the severity of infection, as well as increasing disease symptoms, death rate and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The current study was conducted in a tertiary-care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, among hospitalized COVID-19 patients to see the prevalence of bacterial co-infections and the AMR rates among different isolated bacteria. Clinical samples for the laboratory diagnosis were collected from 1165 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, of which 423 were found to be positive for various bacterial infections. Most of the isolated bacteria were Gram-negative rods (n = 366), followed by Gram-positive cocci (n = 57). A significant association (p < 0.05) was noted between the hospitalized COVID-19 patients and bacterial co-infections. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) showed high resistance against tetracycline (61.7%), Streptococcus pyogenes against penicillin (100%), E. coli against Amp-clavulanic acid (88.72%), Klebsiella pneumoniae against ampicillin (100%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa against ciprofloxacin (75.40%). Acinetobacter baumannii was 100% resistant to the majority of tested antibiotics. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 14.7%. The topmost symptoms of >50% of COVID-19 patients were fever, fatigue, dyspnea and chest pain with a significant association (p < 0.05) in bacterial co-infected patients. The current study results showed a comparatively high prevalence of AMR, which may become a severe health-related issue in the future. Therefore, strict compliance of antibiotic usage and employment of antibiotic stewardship programs at every public or private institutional level are recommended. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8868529 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88685292022-02-25 Evaluation of Bi-Lateral Co-Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Rates among COVID-19 Patients Ahmed, Naveed Khan, Madiha Saleem, Waqas Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali Mohamed, Roshan Noor Heboyan, Artak Rabaan, Ali A. Mutair, Abbas Al Alhumaid, Saad Alsadiq, Salman A. Bueid, Ahmed S. Santali, Eman Y. Alestad, Jeehan H. Antibiotics (Basel) Article In addition to the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, bacterial co-infection plays an essential role in the incidence and progression of SARS-CoV-2 infections by increasing the severity of infection, as well as increasing disease symptoms, death rate and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The current study was conducted in a tertiary-care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan, among hospitalized COVID-19 patients to see the prevalence of bacterial co-infections and the AMR rates among different isolated bacteria. Clinical samples for the laboratory diagnosis were collected from 1165 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, of which 423 were found to be positive for various bacterial infections. Most of the isolated bacteria were Gram-negative rods (n = 366), followed by Gram-positive cocci (n = 57). A significant association (p < 0.05) was noted between the hospitalized COVID-19 patients and bacterial co-infections. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) showed high resistance against tetracycline (61.7%), Streptococcus pyogenes against penicillin (100%), E. coli against Amp-clavulanic acid (88.72%), Klebsiella pneumoniae against ampicillin (100%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa against ciprofloxacin (75.40%). Acinetobacter baumannii was 100% resistant to the majority of tested antibiotics. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 14.7%. The topmost symptoms of >50% of COVID-19 patients were fever, fatigue, dyspnea and chest pain with a significant association (p < 0.05) in bacterial co-infected patients. The current study results showed a comparatively high prevalence of AMR, which may become a severe health-related issue in the future. Therefore, strict compliance of antibiotic usage and employment of antibiotic stewardship programs at every public or private institutional level are recommended. MDPI 2022-02-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8868529/ /pubmed/35203877 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020276 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ahmed, Naveed Khan, Madiha Saleem, Waqas Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali Mohamed, Roshan Noor Heboyan, Artak Rabaan, Ali A. Mutair, Abbas Al Alhumaid, Saad Alsadiq, Salman A. Bueid, Ahmed S. Santali, Eman Y. Alestad, Jeehan H. Evaluation of Bi-Lateral Co-Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Rates among COVID-19 Patients |
title | Evaluation of Bi-Lateral Co-Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Rates among COVID-19 Patients |
title_full | Evaluation of Bi-Lateral Co-Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Rates among COVID-19 Patients |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of Bi-Lateral Co-Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Rates among COVID-19 Patients |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Bi-Lateral Co-Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Rates among COVID-19 Patients |
title_short | Evaluation of Bi-Lateral Co-Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Rates among COVID-19 Patients |
title_sort | evaluation of bi-lateral co-infections and antibiotic resistance rates among covid-19 patients |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8868529/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35203877 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020276 |
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