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Gene Expression Profiling in Early Breast Cancer—Patient Stratification Based on Molecular and Tumor Microenvironment Features
Patients with early-stage hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) breast cancer (BC) are typically treated with surgery, followed by adjuvant systemic endocrine therapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Current guidelines regard...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8869155/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35203458 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020248 |
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author | Munkácsy, Gyöngyi Santarpia, Libero Győrffy, Balázs |
author_facet | Munkácsy, Gyöngyi Santarpia, Libero Győrffy, Balázs |
author_sort | Munkácsy, Gyöngyi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Patients with early-stage hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) breast cancer (BC) are typically treated with surgery, followed by adjuvant systemic endocrine therapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Current guidelines regarding the use of adjuvant systemic therapy depend on clinical and pathological factors, such as the morphological assessment of tumor subtype; histological grade; tumor size; lymphovascular invasion; and lymph node status combined with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 biomarker profiles assessed using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Additionally, the prognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and their composition is emerging as a key marker in triple negative (TNBC) and HER2-enriched molecular breast tumor subtypes. However, all these factors do not necessarily reflect the molecular heterogeneity and complexity of breast cancer. In the last two decades, gene expression signatures or profiling (GEP) tests have been developed to predict the risk of disease recurrence and estimate the potential benefit of receiving adjuvant systemic chemotherapy in patients with luminal breast cancer. GEPs have been utilized to help physicians to refine decision-making process, complementing clinicopathological parameters, and can now be used to classify the risk of recurrence and tailoring personalized treatments. Several clinical trials using GEPs validate the increasing value of such assays in different clinical settings, addressing relevant clinical endpoints. Finally, the recent approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors in TNBC and the increasing use of immunotherapy in different molecular BC populations highlight the opportunity to refine current GEPs by including a variety of immune-related genes that may help to improve predicting drug response and finetune prognosis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8869155 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88691552022-02-25 Gene Expression Profiling in Early Breast Cancer—Patient Stratification Based on Molecular and Tumor Microenvironment Features Munkácsy, Gyöngyi Santarpia, Libero Győrffy, Balázs Biomedicines Review Patients with early-stage hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) breast cancer (BC) are typically treated with surgery, followed by adjuvant systemic endocrine therapy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Current guidelines regarding the use of adjuvant systemic therapy depend on clinical and pathological factors, such as the morphological assessment of tumor subtype; histological grade; tumor size; lymphovascular invasion; and lymph node status combined with estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 biomarker profiles assessed using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Additionally, the prognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and their composition is emerging as a key marker in triple negative (TNBC) and HER2-enriched molecular breast tumor subtypes. However, all these factors do not necessarily reflect the molecular heterogeneity and complexity of breast cancer. In the last two decades, gene expression signatures or profiling (GEP) tests have been developed to predict the risk of disease recurrence and estimate the potential benefit of receiving adjuvant systemic chemotherapy in patients with luminal breast cancer. GEPs have been utilized to help physicians to refine decision-making process, complementing clinicopathological parameters, and can now be used to classify the risk of recurrence and tailoring personalized treatments. Several clinical trials using GEPs validate the increasing value of such assays in different clinical settings, addressing relevant clinical endpoints. Finally, the recent approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors in TNBC and the increasing use of immunotherapy in different molecular BC populations highlight the opportunity to refine current GEPs by including a variety of immune-related genes that may help to improve predicting drug response and finetune prognosis. MDPI 2022-01-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8869155/ /pubmed/35203458 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020248 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Munkácsy, Gyöngyi Santarpia, Libero Győrffy, Balázs Gene Expression Profiling in Early Breast Cancer—Patient Stratification Based on Molecular and Tumor Microenvironment Features |
title | Gene Expression Profiling in Early Breast Cancer—Patient Stratification Based on Molecular and Tumor Microenvironment Features |
title_full | Gene Expression Profiling in Early Breast Cancer—Patient Stratification Based on Molecular and Tumor Microenvironment Features |
title_fullStr | Gene Expression Profiling in Early Breast Cancer—Patient Stratification Based on Molecular and Tumor Microenvironment Features |
title_full_unstemmed | Gene Expression Profiling in Early Breast Cancer—Patient Stratification Based on Molecular and Tumor Microenvironment Features |
title_short | Gene Expression Profiling in Early Breast Cancer—Patient Stratification Based on Molecular and Tumor Microenvironment Features |
title_sort | gene expression profiling in early breast cancer—patient stratification based on molecular and tumor microenvironment features |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8869155/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35203458 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020248 |
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