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Vasoactive Properties of a Cocoa Shell Extract: Mechanism of Action and Effect on Endothelial Dysfunction in Aged Rats

Cocoa has cardiovascular beneficial effects related to its content of antioxidant phytochemicals. Cocoa manufacturing produces large amounts of waste, but some by-products may be used as ingredients with health-promoting potential. We aimed to investigate the vasoactive actions of an extract from co...

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Autores principales: Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Pilar, Ragusky, Kendal, Phuthong, Sophida, Ruvira, Santiago, Ramiro-Cortijo, David, Cañas, Silvia, Rebollo-Hernanz, Miguel, Morales, María Dolores, López de Pablo, Ángel L., Martín-Cabrejas, María A., Arribas, Silvia M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8869230/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35204310
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020429
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author Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Pilar
Ragusky, Kendal
Phuthong, Sophida
Ruvira, Santiago
Ramiro-Cortijo, David
Cañas, Silvia
Rebollo-Hernanz, Miguel
Morales, María Dolores
López de Pablo, Ángel L.
Martín-Cabrejas, María A.
Arribas, Silvia M.
author_facet Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Pilar
Ragusky, Kendal
Phuthong, Sophida
Ruvira, Santiago
Ramiro-Cortijo, David
Cañas, Silvia
Rebollo-Hernanz, Miguel
Morales, María Dolores
López de Pablo, Ángel L.
Martín-Cabrejas, María A.
Arribas, Silvia M.
author_sort Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Pilar
collection PubMed
description Cocoa has cardiovascular beneficial effects related to its content of antioxidant phytochemicals. Cocoa manufacturing produces large amounts of waste, but some by-products may be used as ingredients with health-promoting potential. We aimed to investigate the vasoactive actions of an extract from cocoa shell (CSE), a by-product containing theobromine (TH), caffeine (CAF) and protocatechuic acid (PCA) as major phytochemicals. In carotid and iliac arteries from 5-month and 15-month-old rats, we investigated CSE vasoactive properties, mechanism of action, and the capacity of CSE, TH, CAF and PCA to improve age-induced endothelial dysfunction. Vascular function was evaluated using isometric tension recording and superoxide anion production by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and confocal microscopy. CSE caused endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, blocked by L-NAME, but not indomethacin, regardless of sex, age, or vessel type. CSE maximal responses and EC(50) were significantly lower compared to acetylcholine (ACh). Arterial preincubation with CSE, TH, CAF or PCA, significantly reduced the number of vascular DHE-positive cells. Compared to adult males, iliac arteries from aged males exhibited reduced ACh concentration-dependent vasodilatation but larger CSE responses. In iliac arteries from aged male and female rats, preincubation with 10(−4) M CSE and PCA, but not TH or CAF, improved ACh-relaxations. In conclusion, CSE has vasodilatory properties associated with increased nitric oxide bioavailability, related to its antioxidant phytochemicals, being particularly relevant PCA. Therefore, CSE is a potential food ingredient for diseases related to endothelial dysfunction.
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spelling pubmed-88692302022-02-25 Vasoactive Properties of a Cocoa Shell Extract: Mechanism of Action and Effect on Endothelial Dysfunction in Aged Rats Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Pilar Ragusky, Kendal Phuthong, Sophida Ruvira, Santiago Ramiro-Cortijo, David Cañas, Silvia Rebollo-Hernanz, Miguel Morales, María Dolores López de Pablo, Ángel L. Martín-Cabrejas, María A. Arribas, Silvia M. Antioxidants (Basel) Article Cocoa has cardiovascular beneficial effects related to its content of antioxidant phytochemicals. Cocoa manufacturing produces large amounts of waste, but some by-products may be used as ingredients with health-promoting potential. We aimed to investigate the vasoactive actions of an extract from cocoa shell (CSE), a by-product containing theobromine (TH), caffeine (CAF) and protocatechuic acid (PCA) as major phytochemicals. In carotid and iliac arteries from 5-month and 15-month-old rats, we investigated CSE vasoactive properties, mechanism of action, and the capacity of CSE, TH, CAF and PCA to improve age-induced endothelial dysfunction. Vascular function was evaluated using isometric tension recording and superoxide anion production by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining and confocal microscopy. CSE caused endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, blocked by L-NAME, but not indomethacin, regardless of sex, age, or vessel type. CSE maximal responses and EC(50) were significantly lower compared to acetylcholine (ACh). Arterial preincubation with CSE, TH, CAF or PCA, significantly reduced the number of vascular DHE-positive cells. Compared to adult males, iliac arteries from aged males exhibited reduced ACh concentration-dependent vasodilatation but larger CSE responses. In iliac arteries from aged male and female rats, preincubation with 10(−4) M CSE and PCA, but not TH or CAF, improved ACh-relaxations. In conclusion, CSE has vasodilatory properties associated with increased nitric oxide bioavailability, related to its antioxidant phytochemicals, being particularly relevant PCA. Therefore, CSE is a potential food ingredient for diseases related to endothelial dysfunction. MDPI 2022-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8869230/ /pubmed/35204310 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020429 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Pilar
Ragusky, Kendal
Phuthong, Sophida
Ruvira, Santiago
Ramiro-Cortijo, David
Cañas, Silvia
Rebollo-Hernanz, Miguel
Morales, María Dolores
López de Pablo, Ángel L.
Martín-Cabrejas, María A.
Arribas, Silvia M.
Vasoactive Properties of a Cocoa Shell Extract: Mechanism of Action and Effect on Endothelial Dysfunction in Aged Rats
title Vasoactive Properties of a Cocoa Shell Extract: Mechanism of Action and Effect on Endothelial Dysfunction in Aged Rats
title_full Vasoactive Properties of a Cocoa Shell Extract: Mechanism of Action and Effect on Endothelial Dysfunction in Aged Rats
title_fullStr Vasoactive Properties of a Cocoa Shell Extract: Mechanism of Action and Effect on Endothelial Dysfunction in Aged Rats
title_full_unstemmed Vasoactive Properties of a Cocoa Shell Extract: Mechanism of Action and Effect on Endothelial Dysfunction in Aged Rats
title_short Vasoactive Properties of a Cocoa Shell Extract: Mechanism of Action and Effect on Endothelial Dysfunction in Aged Rats
title_sort vasoactive properties of a cocoa shell extract: mechanism of action and effect on endothelial dysfunction in aged rats
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8869230/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35204310
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020429
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