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Modulation of Antioxidant Defense in Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with a Diet Supplemented by the Waste Derived from the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

Phytotherapy is based on the use of plants to prevent or treat human and animal diseases. Recently, the use of essential oils and polyphenol-enriched extracts is also rapidly increasing in the aquaculture sector as a means of greater industrial and environmental sustainability. Previous studies asse...

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Autores principales: Magara, Gabriele, Prearo, Marino, Vercelli, Cristina, Barbero, Raffaella, Micera, Marco, Botto, Alfonso, Caimi, Christian, Caldaroni, Barbara, Bertea, Cinzia Margherita, Mannino, Giuseppe, Barceló, Damià, Renzi, Monia, Gasco, Laura, Re, Giovanni, Dondo, Alessandro, Elia, Antonia Concetta, Pastorino, Paolo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8869336/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35204297
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020415
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author Magara, Gabriele
Prearo, Marino
Vercelli, Cristina
Barbero, Raffaella
Micera, Marco
Botto, Alfonso
Caimi, Christian
Caldaroni, Barbara
Bertea, Cinzia Margherita
Mannino, Giuseppe
Barceló, Damià
Renzi, Monia
Gasco, Laura
Re, Giovanni
Dondo, Alessandro
Elia, Antonia Concetta
Pastorino, Paolo
author_facet Magara, Gabriele
Prearo, Marino
Vercelli, Cristina
Barbero, Raffaella
Micera, Marco
Botto, Alfonso
Caimi, Christian
Caldaroni, Barbara
Bertea, Cinzia Margherita
Mannino, Giuseppe
Barceló, Damià
Renzi, Monia
Gasco, Laura
Re, Giovanni
Dondo, Alessandro
Elia, Antonia Concetta
Pastorino, Paolo
author_sort Magara, Gabriele
collection PubMed
description Phytotherapy is based on the use of plants to prevent or treat human and animal diseases. Recently, the use of essential oils and polyphenol-enriched extracts is also rapidly increasing in the aquaculture sector as a means of greater industrial and environmental sustainability. Previous studies assessed the antibacterial and antiparasitic effects of these bioactive compounds on fish. However, studies on the modulation of oxidative stress biomarkers are still scant to date. Thus, in this study, the modulation of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress exerted by fish diets supplemented with a basil supercritical extract (F1-BEO) was assessed in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The F1-BEO extracted with supercritical fluid extraction was added to the commercial feed flour (0.5, 1, 2, 3% w/w) and mixed with fish oil to obtain a suitable compound for pellet preparation. Fish were fed for 30 days. The levels of stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glyoxalase I, glyoxalase II, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione and malondialdehyde showed a boost in the antioxidant pathway in fish fed with a 0.5% F1-BEO-supplemented diet. Higher F1-BEO supplementation led to a failure of activity of several enzymes and the depletion of glutathione levels. Malondialdehyde concentration suggests a sufficient oxidative stress defense against lipid peroxidation in all experimental groups, except for a 3% F1-BEO-supplemented diet (liver 168.87 ± 38.79 nmol/mg prot; kidney 146.86 ± 23.28 nmol/mg prot), compared to control (liver 127.76 ± 18.15 nmol/mg prot; kidney 98.68 ± 15.65 nmol/mg prot). Our results suggest supplementing F1-BEO in fish diets up to 0.5% to avoid potential oxidative pressure in farmed trout.
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spelling pubmed-88693362022-02-25 Modulation of Antioxidant Defense in Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with a Diet Supplemented by the Waste Derived from the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Magara, Gabriele Prearo, Marino Vercelli, Cristina Barbero, Raffaella Micera, Marco Botto, Alfonso Caimi, Christian Caldaroni, Barbara Bertea, Cinzia Margherita Mannino, Giuseppe Barceló, Damià Renzi, Monia Gasco, Laura Re, Giovanni Dondo, Alessandro Elia, Antonia Concetta Pastorino, Paolo Antioxidants (Basel) Article Phytotherapy is based on the use of plants to prevent or treat human and animal diseases. Recently, the use of essential oils and polyphenol-enriched extracts is also rapidly increasing in the aquaculture sector as a means of greater industrial and environmental sustainability. Previous studies assessed the antibacterial and antiparasitic effects of these bioactive compounds on fish. However, studies on the modulation of oxidative stress biomarkers are still scant to date. Thus, in this study, the modulation of antioxidant defense against oxidative stress exerted by fish diets supplemented with a basil supercritical extract (F1-BEO) was assessed in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The F1-BEO extracted with supercritical fluid extraction was added to the commercial feed flour (0.5, 1, 2, 3% w/w) and mixed with fish oil to obtain a suitable compound for pellet preparation. Fish were fed for 30 days. The levels of stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glyoxalase I, glyoxalase II, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione and malondialdehyde showed a boost in the antioxidant pathway in fish fed with a 0.5% F1-BEO-supplemented diet. Higher F1-BEO supplementation led to a failure of activity of several enzymes and the depletion of glutathione levels. Malondialdehyde concentration suggests a sufficient oxidative stress defense against lipid peroxidation in all experimental groups, except for a 3% F1-BEO-supplemented diet (liver 168.87 ± 38.79 nmol/mg prot; kidney 146.86 ± 23.28 nmol/mg prot), compared to control (liver 127.76 ± 18.15 nmol/mg prot; kidney 98.68 ± 15.65 nmol/mg prot). Our results suggest supplementing F1-BEO in fish diets up to 0.5% to avoid potential oxidative pressure in farmed trout. MDPI 2022-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8869336/ /pubmed/35204297 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020415 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Magara, Gabriele
Prearo, Marino
Vercelli, Cristina
Barbero, Raffaella
Micera, Marco
Botto, Alfonso
Caimi, Christian
Caldaroni, Barbara
Bertea, Cinzia Margherita
Mannino, Giuseppe
Barceló, Damià
Renzi, Monia
Gasco, Laura
Re, Giovanni
Dondo, Alessandro
Elia, Antonia Concetta
Pastorino, Paolo
Modulation of Antioxidant Defense in Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with a Diet Supplemented by the Waste Derived from the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
title Modulation of Antioxidant Defense in Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with a Diet Supplemented by the Waste Derived from the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
title_full Modulation of Antioxidant Defense in Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with a Diet Supplemented by the Waste Derived from the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
title_fullStr Modulation of Antioxidant Defense in Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with a Diet Supplemented by the Waste Derived from the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
title_full_unstemmed Modulation of Antioxidant Defense in Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with a Diet Supplemented by the Waste Derived from the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
title_short Modulation of Antioxidant Defense in Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with a Diet Supplemented by the Waste Derived from the Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Basil (Ocimum basilicum)
title_sort modulation of antioxidant defense in farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with a diet supplemented by the waste derived from the supercritical fluid extraction of basil (ocimum basilicum)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8869336/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35204297
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020415
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