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The Problem of Effort Distribution in Heavy Glycolytic Trials with Special Reference to the 400 m Dash in Track and Field
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Short, intensive, but above lactate threshold physical trials or competitions which last <1 min but are close to this time limit, are on the border between glycolytic and aerobic efforts. The distribution of effort is critical in these tasks to achieve the best possible results. H...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8869504/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35205083 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11020216 |
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author | Cicchella, Antonio |
author_facet | Cicchella, Antonio |
author_sort | Cicchella, Antonio |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Short, intensive, but above lactate threshold physical trials or competitions which last <1 min but are close to this time limit, are on the border between glycolytic and aerobic efforts. The distribution of effort is critical in these tasks to achieve the best possible results. However, it is still unclear which of the general rules, descending from the theory, should be adopted by athletes (or any other subject facing a similar task). The 400 m dash competition of track and field has been taken in this systematic review as a paradigm for surveying the determinant factors which influence the pacing strategy and the end of effort. From the literature it emerges that there are several approaches, grounded in the philosophical basis of effort, which determine effort distribution. The problem is still open and a clear direction has not yet emerged from the available studies on the topic. ABSTRACT: Background. Biological factors are ultimately responsible for the cessation of effort in short, maximal glycolytic efforts. However, how these factors are sensed by the brain and act in a loop or feedforward way to regulate the distribution of effort is still unclear. Methods: A systematic review of existing literature on short term glycolytic exercise has been performed on publicly available databases (Google Scholar and Pudmed). Results: The problem of effort termination in fast maximal glycolytic activities after 100 years of research is still open. It is not clear if a central governor of effort exists, if the limitations are in the energy transport and utilization system, or in the psycho-social factors. Conclusions. The solution probably resides in a mixture of factors, but how the different components interact is still a mystery for science due to the philosophical grounding of the experimental approaches. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8869504 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88695042022-02-25 The Problem of Effort Distribution in Heavy Glycolytic Trials with Special Reference to the 400 m Dash in Track and Field Cicchella, Antonio Biology (Basel) Systematic Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Short, intensive, but above lactate threshold physical trials or competitions which last <1 min but are close to this time limit, are on the border between glycolytic and aerobic efforts. The distribution of effort is critical in these tasks to achieve the best possible results. However, it is still unclear which of the general rules, descending from the theory, should be adopted by athletes (or any other subject facing a similar task). The 400 m dash competition of track and field has been taken in this systematic review as a paradigm for surveying the determinant factors which influence the pacing strategy and the end of effort. From the literature it emerges that there are several approaches, grounded in the philosophical basis of effort, which determine effort distribution. The problem is still open and a clear direction has not yet emerged from the available studies on the topic. ABSTRACT: Background. Biological factors are ultimately responsible for the cessation of effort in short, maximal glycolytic efforts. However, how these factors are sensed by the brain and act in a loop or feedforward way to regulate the distribution of effort is still unclear. Methods: A systematic review of existing literature on short term glycolytic exercise has been performed on publicly available databases (Google Scholar and Pudmed). Results: The problem of effort termination in fast maximal glycolytic activities after 100 years of research is still open. It is not clear if a central governor of effort exists, if the limitations are in the energy transport and utilization system, or in the psycho-social factors. Conclusions. The solution probably resides in a mixture of factors, but how the different components interact is still a mystery for science due to the philosophical grounding of the experimental approaches. MDPI 2022-01-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8869504/ /pubmed/35205083 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11020216 Text en © 2022 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Systematic Review Cicchella, Antonio The Problem of Effort Distribution in Heavy Glycolytic Trials with Special Reference to the 400 m Dash in Track and Field |
title | The Problem of Effort Distribution in Heavy Glycolytic Trials with Special Reference to the 400 m Dash in Track and Field |
title_full | The Problem of Effort Distribution in Heavy Glycolytic Trials with Special Reference to the 400 m Dash in Track and Field |
title_fullStr | The Problem of Effort Distribution in Heavy Glycolytic Trials with Special Reference to the 400 m Dash in Track and Field |
title_full_unstemmed | The Problem of Effort Distribution in Heavy Glycolytic Trials with Special Reference to the 400 m Dash in Track and Field |
title_short | The Problem of Effort Distribution in Heavy Glycolytic Trials with Special Reference to the 400 m Dash in Track and Field |
title_sort | problem of effort distribution in heavy glycolytic trials with special reference to the 400 m dash in track and field |
topic | Systematic Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8869504/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35205083 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11020216 |
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