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Nucleic Acids and Their Analogues for Biomedical Applications
Nucleic acids are emerging as powerful and functional biomaterials due to their molecular recognition ability, programmability, and ease of synthesis and chemical modification. Various types of nucleic acids have been used as gene regulation tools or therapeutic agents for the treatment of human dis...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8869748/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35200353 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12020093 |
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author | Wang, Fei Li, Pan Chu, Hoi Ching Lo, Pik Kwan |
author_facet | Wang, Fei Li, Pan Chu, Hoi Ching Lo, Pik Kwan |
author_sort | Wang, Fei |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nucleic acids are emerging as powerful and functional biomaterials due to their molecular recognition ability, programmability, and ease of synthesis and chemical modification. Various types of nucleic acids have been used as gene regulation tools or therapeutic agents for the treatment of human diseases with genetic disorders. Nucleic acids can also be used to develop sensing platforms for detecting ions, small molecules, proteins, and cells. Their performance can be improved through integration with other organic or inorganic nanomaterials. To further enhance their biological properties, various chemically modified nucleic acid analogues can be generated by modifying their phosphodiester backbone, sugar moiety, nucleobase, or combined sites. Alternatively, using nucleic acids as building blocks for self-assembly of highly ordered nanostructures would enhance their biological stability and cellular uptake efficiency. In this review, we will focus on the development and biomedical applications of structural and functional natural nucleic acids, as well as the chemically modified nucleic acid analogues over the past ten years. The recent progress in the development of functional nanomaterials based on self-assembled DNA-based platforms for gene regulation, biosensing, drug delivery, and therapy will also be presented. We will then summarize with a discussion on the advanced development of nucleic acid research, highlight some of the challenges faced and propose suggestions for further improvement. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8869748 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88697482022-02-25 Nucleic Acids and Their Analogues for Biomedical Applications Wang, Fei Li, Pan Chu, Hoi Ching Lo, Pik Kwan Biosensors (Basel) Review Nucleic acids are emerging as powerful and functional biomaterials due to their molecular recognition ability, programmability, and ease of synthesis and chemical modification. Various types of nucleic acids have been used as gene regulation tools or therapeutic agents for the treatment of human diseases with genetic disorders. Nucleic acids can also be used to develop sensing platforms for detecting ions, small molecules, proteins, and cells. Their performance can be improved through integration with other organic or inorganic nanomaterials. To further enhance their biological properties, various chemically modified nucleic acid analogues can be generated by modifying their phosphodiester backbone, sugar moiety, nucleobase, or combined sites. Alternatively, using nucleic acids as building blocks for self-assembly of highly ordered nanostructures would enhance their biological stability and cellular uptake efficiency. In this review, we will focus on the development and biomedical applications of structural and functional natural nucleic acids, as well as the chemically modified nucleic acid analogues over the past ten years. The recent progress in the development of functional nanomaterials based on self-assembled DNA-based platforms for gene regulation, biosensing, drug delivery, and therapy will also be presented. We will then summarize with a discussion on the advanced development of nucleic acid research, highlight some of the challenges faced and propose suggestions for further improvement. MDPI 2022-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8869748/ /pubmed/35200353 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12020093 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Wang, Fei Li, Pan Chu, Hoi Ching Lo, Pik Kwan Nucleic Acids and Their Analogues for Biomedical Applications |
title | Nucleic Acids and Their Analogues for Biomedical Applications |
title_full | Nucleic Acids and Their Analogues for Biomedical Applications |
title_fullStr | Nucleic Acids and Their Analogues for Biomedical Applications |
title_full_unstemmed | Nucleic Acids and Their Analogues for Biomedical Applications |
title_short | Nucleic Acids and Their Analogues for Biomedical Applications |
title_sort | nucleic acids and their analogues for biomedical applications |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8869748/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35200353 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12020093 |
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