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Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Late-stage colorectal cancer treatment often involves chemotherapy and radiation that can cause dose-limiting toxicity, and therefore there is great interest in developing targeted therapies for this disease. Immunotherapy is a targeted therapy that uses peptides, cells, antibodies,...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8869923/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35205776 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14041028 |
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author | Carlsen, Lindsey Huntington, Kelsey E. El-Deiry, Wafik S. |
author_facet | Carlsen, Lindsey Huntington, Kelsey E. El-Deiry, Wafik S. |
author_sort | Carlsen, Lindsey |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Late-stage colorectal cancer treatment often involves chemotherapy and radiation that can cause dose-limiting toxicity, and therefore there is great interest in developing targeted therapies for this disease. Immunotherapy is a targeted therapy that uses peptides, cells, antibodies, viruses, or small molecules to engage or train the immune system to kill cancer. Here, we discuss the preclinical and clinical development of immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer and provide an overview of predictive biomarkers for such treatments. We also consider open questions including optimal combination treatments and sensitization of colorectal cancer patients with proficient mismatch repair enzymes. ABSTRACT: Though early-stage colorectal cancer has a high 5 year survival rate of 65–92% depending on the specific stage, this probability drops to 13% after the cancer metastasizes. Frontline treatments for colorectal cancer such as chemotherapy and radiation often produce dose-limiting toxicities in patients and acquired resistance in cancer cells. Additional targeted treatments are needed to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Immunotherapy involves treatment with peptides, cells, antibodies, viruses, or small molecules to engage or train the immune system to kill cancer cells. Preclinical and clinical investigations of immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer including immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapy, monoclonal antibodies, oncolytic viruses, anti-cancer vaccines, and immune system modulators have been promising, but demonstrate limitations for patients with proficient mismatch repair enzymes. In this review, we discuss preclinical and clinical studies investigating immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer and predictive biomarkers for response to these treatments. We also consider open questions including optimal combination treatments to maximize efficacy, minimize toxicity, and prevent acquired resistance and approaches to sensitize mismatch repair-proficient patients to immunotherapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8869923 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88699232022-02-25 Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers Carlsen, Lindsey Huntington, Kelsey E. El-Deiry, Wafik S. Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: Late-stage colorectal cancer treatment often involves chemotherapy and radiation that can cause dose-limiting toxicity, and therefore there is great interest in developing targeted therapies for this disease. Immunotherapy is a targeted therapy that uses peptides, cells, antibodies, viruses, or small molecules to engage or train the immune system to kill cancer. Here, we discuss the preclinical and clinical development of immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer and provide an overview of predictive biomarkers for such treatments. We also consider open questions including optimal combination treatments and sensitization of colorectal cancer patients with proficient mismatch repair enzymes. ABSTRACT: Though early-stage colorectal cancer has a high 5 year survival rate of 65–92% depending on the specific stage, this probability drops to 13% after the cancer metastasizes. Frontline treatments for colorectal cancer such as chemotherapy and radiation often produce dose-limiting toxicities in patients and acquired resistance in cancer cells. Additional targeted treatments are needed to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Immunotherapy involves treatment with peptides, cells, antibodies, viruses, or small molecules to engage or train the immune system to kill cancer cells. Preclinical and clinical investigations of immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer including immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapy, monoclonal antibodies, oncolytic viruses, anti-cancer vaccines, and immune system modulators have been promising, but demonstrate limitations for patients with proficient mismatch repair enzymes. In this review, we discuss preclinical and clinical studies investigating immunotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer and predictive biomarkers for response to these treatments. We also consider open questions including optimal combination treatments to maximize efficacy, minimize toxicity, and prevent acquired resistance and approaches to sensitize mismatch repair-proficient patients to immunotherapy. MDPI 2022-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8869923/ /pubmed/35205776 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14041028 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Carlsen, Lindsey Huntington, Kelsey E. El-Deiry, Wafik S. Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers |
title | Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers |
title_full | Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers |
title_fullStr | Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers |
title_full_unstemmed | Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers |
title_short | Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer: Mechanisms and Predictive Biomarkers |
title_sort | immunotherapy for colorectal cancer: mechanisms and predictive biomarkers |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8869923/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35205776 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14041028 |
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