Twenty-Year Survival of Patients Operated on for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: The Impact of Tumor Stage and Patient-Related Parameters

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Surgery is the mainstay treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer, but its impact on survival beyond 15 years has never been reported so far. We studied retrospectively clinical characteristics and short and long-term survival of a single-institution patient population whose baseline data were prospectively collected. All patients underwent major lung resection between June 2001 and December 2002. Vital status was obtained by checking INSEE database and verifying if reported as “non-death” by the hospital administrative database and direct phone interviews with patients of families. A total of 345 patients were analyzed; 15-year and 20-year overall survival rates were 12.2% and 5.7%, respectively. At univariate analysis, predictors of worse survivals were increasing age at surgery, lower BMI, weight loss, higher baseline C-reactive protein, pathological stage, and, among patients with adenocarcinoma, higher grade. Increasing age, cumulative smoking, lower BMI, and pathological stage were independent predictors of long-term survival at Cox multivariate analysis. We conclude that very-long-term survivals can be achieved after surgery of NSCLC, and factors classically predicting 5- and 10-years survival also determines longer outcomes suggesting that both initial tumor aggressiveness and host characteristics act beyond the period usually taken into account in oncology. ABSTRACT: Surgery is the mainstay treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its impact on very-long-term survival (beyond 15 years) has never been evaluated. Methods: All patients operated on for major lung resection (Jun. 2001–Dec. 2002) for NSCL in the Thoracic Surgery Department at Paris-Hôtel-Dieu-University-Hospital were included. Patients‘ characteristics were prospectively collected. Vital status was obtained by checking INSEE database and verifying if reported as “non-death” by the hospital administrative database and direct phone interviews with patients of families. Results: 345 patients were included. The 15- and 20-year survival rates were 12.2% and 5.7%, respectively. At univariate analysis, predictors of worse survivals were: increasing age at surgery (p = 0.0042), lower BMI (p = 0.009), weight loss (p = 0.0034), higher CRP (p = 0.049), pathological stage (p = 0.00000042), and, among patients with adenocarcinoma, higher grade (p = 0.028). Increasing age (p = 0.004), cumulative smoking (p = 0.045), lower BMI (0.046) and pathological stage (p = 0.0026), were independent predictors of long-term survival at Cox multivariate analysis. In another model, increasing age (p = 0.013), lower BMI (p = 0.02), chronic bronchitis (p = 0.03), lower FEV1% (p = 0.00019), higher GOLD class of COPD (p = 0.0079), and pathological stage (p = 0.000024), were identified as independent risk factors. Conclusions: Very-long-term survivals could be achieved after surgery of NSCLC, and factors classically predicting 5- and 10-years survival also determined longer outcomes suggesting that both initial tumor aggressiveness and host’s characteristics act beyond the period usually taken into account in oncology.