Imaging Spectrum of Intrahepatic Mass-Forming Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Mimickers: How to Differentiate Them Using MRI
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy, with mass-forming growth pattern being the most common. The typical imaging appearance of mass-forming ICC (mICC) consists of irregular ring enhancement in the arterial phase followed by the progressive centr...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8870737/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35200560 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29020061 |
_version_ | 1784656829674946560 |
---|---|
author | Kovač, Jelena Djokic Janković, Aleksandra Đikić-Rom, Aleksandra Grubor, Nikica Antić, Andrija Dugalić, Vladimir |
author_facet | Kovač, Jelena Djokic Janković, Aleksandra Đikić-Rom, Aleksandra Grubor, Nikica Antić, Andrija Dugalić, Vladimir |
author_sort | Kovač, Jelena Djokic |
collection | PubMed |
description | Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy, with mass-forming growth pattern being the most common. The typical imaging appearance of mass-forming ICC (mICC) consists of irregular ring enhancement in the arterial phase followed by the progressive central enhancement on portal venous and delayed phases. However, atypical imaging presentation in the form of hypervascular mICC might also be seen, which can be attributed to distinct pathological characteristics. Ancillary imaging features such as lobular shape, capsular retraction, segmental biliary dilatation, and vascular encasement favor the diagnosis of mICC. Nevertheless, these radiological findings may also be present in certain benign conditions such as focal confluent fibrosis, sclerosing hemangioma, organizing hepatic abscess, or the pseudosolid form of hydatid disease. In addition, a few malignant lesions including primary liver lymphoma, hemangioendothelioma, solitary hypovascular liver metastases, and atypical forms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), such as scirrhous HCC, infiltrative HCC, and poorly differentiated HCC, may also pose a diagnostic dilemma by simulating mICC in imaging studies. Diffusion-weighted imaging and the use of hepatobiliary contrast agents might be helpful for differential diagnosis in certain cases. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive overview of mICC imaging features and to describe useful tips for differential diagnosis with its potential mimickers. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8870737 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88707372022-02-25 Imaging Spectrum of Intrahepatic Mass-Forming Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Mimickers: How to Differentiate Them Using MRI Kovač, Jelena Djokic Janković, Aleksandra Đikić-Rom, Aleksandra Grubor, Nikica Antić, Andrija Dugalić, Vladimir Curr Oncol Review Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy, with mass-forming growth pattern being the most common. The typical imaging appearance of mass-forming ICC (mICC) consists of irregular ring enhancement in the arterial phase followed by the progressive central enhancement on portal venous and delayed phases. However, atypical imaging presentation in the form of hypervascular mICC might also be seen, which can be attributed to distinct pathological characteristics. Ancillary imaging features such as lobular shape, capsular retraction, segmental biliary dilatation, and vascular encasement favor the diagnosis of mICC. Nevertheless, these radiological findings may also be present in certain benign conditions such as focal confluent fibrosis, sclerosing hemangioma, organizing hepatic abscess, or the pseudosolid form of hydatid disease. In addition, a few malignant lesions including primary liver lymphoma, hemangioendothelioma, solitary hypovascular liver metastases, and atypical forms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), such as scirrhous HCC, infiltrative HCC, and poorly differentiated HCC, may also pose a diagnostic dilemma by simulating mICC in imaging studies. Diffusion-weighted imaging and the use of hepatobiliary contrast agents might be helpful for differential diagnosis in certain cases. The aim of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive overview of mICC imaging features and to describe useful tips for differential diagnosis with its potential mimickers. MDPI 2022-01-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8870737/ /pubmed/35200560 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29020061 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kovač, Jelena Djokic Janković, Aleksandra Đikić-Rom, Aleksandra Grubor, Nikica Antić, Andrija Dugalić, Vladimir Imaging Spectrum of Intrahepatic Mass-Forming Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Mimickers: How to Differentiate Them Using MRI |
title | Imaging Spectrum of Intrahepatic Mass-Forming Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Mimickers: How to Differentiate Them Using MRI |
title_full | Imaging Spectrum of Intrahepatic Mass-Forming Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Mimickers: How to Differentiate Them Using MRI |
title_fullStr | Imaging Spectrum of Intrahepatic Mass-Forming Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Mimickers: How to Differentiate Them Using MRI |
title_full_unstemmed | Imaging Spectrum of Intrahepatic Mass-Forming Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Mimickers: How to Differentiate Them Using MRI |
title_short | Imaging Spectrum of Intrahepatic Mass-Forming Cholangiocarcinoma and Its Mimickers: How to Differentiate Them Using MRI |
title_sort | imaging spectrum of intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma and its mimickers: how to differentiate them using mri |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8870737/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35200560 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol29020061 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT kovacjelenadjokic imagingspectrumofintrahepaticmassformingcholangiocarcinomaanditsmimickershowtodifferentiatethemusingmri AT jankovicaleksandra imagingspectrumofintrahepaticmassformingcholangiocarcinomaanditsmimickershowtodifferentiatethemusingmri AT đikicromaleksandra imagingspectrumofintrahepaticmassformingcholangiocarcinomaanditsmimickershowtodifferentiatethemusingmri AT grubornikica imagingspectrumofintrahepaticmassformingcholangiocarcinomaanditsmimickershowtodifferentiatethemusingmri AT anticandrija imagingspectrumofintrahepaticmassformingcholangiocarcinomaanditsmimickershowtodifferentiatethemusingmri AT dugalicvladimir imagingspectrumofintrahepaticmassformingcholangiocarcinomaanditsmimickershowtodifferentiatethemusingmri |