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Polysialic Acid in the Immune System

Polysialic acid (polySia) is a highly regulated polymer of sialic acid (Sia) with such potent biophysical characteristics that when expressed drastically influences the interaction properties of cells. Although much of what is known of polySia in mammals has been elucidated from the study of its rol...

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Autores principales: Villanueva-Cabello, Tania M., Gutiérrez-Valenzuela, Lya D., Salinas-Marín, Roberta, López-Guerrero, Delia V., Martínez-Duncker, Iván
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8873093/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222358
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.823637
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author Villanueva-Cabello, Tania M.
Gutiérrez-Valenzuela, Lya D.
Salinas-Marín, Roberta
López-Guerrero, Delia V.
Martínez-Duncker, Iván
author_facet Villanueva-Cabello, Tania M.
Gutiérrez-Valenzuela, Lya D.
Salinas-Marín, Roberta
López-Guerrero, Delia V.
Martínez-Duncker, Iván
author_sort Villanueva-Cabello, Tania M.
collection PubMed
description Polysialic acid (polySia) is a highly regulated polymer of sialic acid (Sia) with such potent biophysical characteristics that when expressed drastically influences the interaction properties of cells. Although much of what is known of polySia in mammals has been elucidated from the study of its role in the central nervous system (CNS), polySia is also expressed in other tissues, including the immune system where it presents dynamic changes during differentiation, maturation, and activation of different types of immune cells of the innate and adaptive response, being involved in key regulatory mechanisms. At least six polySia protein carriers (CCR7, ESL-1, NCAM, NRP2, ST8Sia 2, and ST8Sia 4) are expressed in different types of immune cells, but there is still much to be explored in regard not only to the regulatory mechanisms that determine their expression and the structure of polySia chains but also to the identification of the cis- and trans- ligands of polySia that establish signaling networks. This review summarizes the current knowledge on polySia in the immune system, addressing its biosynthesis, its tools for identification and structural characterization, and its functional roles and therapeutic implications.
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spelling pubmed-88730932022-02-26 Polysialic Acid in the Immune System Villanueva-Cabello, Tania M. Gutiérrez-Valenzuela, Lya D. Salinas-Marín, Roberta López-Guerrero, Delia V. Martínez-Duncker, Iván Front Immunol Immunology Polysialic acid (polySia) is a highly regulated polymer of sialic acid (Sia) with such potent biophysical characteristics that when expressed drastically influences the interaction properties of cells. Although much of what is known of polySia in mammals has been elucidated from the study of its role in the central nervous system (CNS), polySia is also expressed in other tissues, including the immune system where it presents dynamic changes during differentiation, maturation, and activation of different types of immune cells of the innate and adaptive response, being involved in key regulatory mechanisms. At least six polySia protein carriers (CCR7, ESL-1, NCAM, NRP2, ST8Sia 2, and ST8Sia 4) are expressed in different types of immune cells, but there is still much to be explored in regard not only to the regulatory mechanisms that determine their expression and the structure of polySia chains but also to the identification of the cis- and trans- ligands of polySia that establish signaling networks. This review summarizes the current knowledge on polySia in the immune system, addressing its biosynthesis, its tools for identification and structural characterization, and its functional roles and therapeutic implications. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-02-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8873093/ /pubmed/35222358 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.823637 Text en Copyright © 2022 Villanueva-Cabello, Gutiérrez-Valenzuela, Salinas-Marín, López-Guerrero and Martínez-Duncker https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Villanueva-Cabello, Tania M.
Gutiérrez-Valenzuela, Lya D.
Salinas-Marín, Roberta
López-Guerrero, Delia V.
Martínez-Duncker, Iván
Polysialic Acid in the Immune System
title Polysialic Acid in the Immune System
title_full Polysialic Acid in the Immune System
title_fullStr Polysialic Acid in the Immune System
title_full_unstemmed Polysialic Acid in the Immune System
title_short Polysialic Acid in the Immune System
title_sort polysialic acid in the immune system
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8873093/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35222358
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.823637
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