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Desmoplakin Maintains Transcellular Keratin Scaffolding and Protects From Intestinal Injury
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Desmosomes are intercellular junctions connecting keratin intermediate filaments of neighboring cells. The cadherins desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) and desmocollin 2 mediate cell–cell adhesion, whereas desmoplakin (Dsp) provides the attachment of desmosomes to keratins. Although the impo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8873596/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34929421 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.12.009 |
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author | Gross, Annika Zhou, Biaohuan Bewersdorf, Lisa Schwarz, Nicole Schacht, Gabriel M. Boor, Peter Hoeft, Konrad Hoffmann, Bernd Fuchs, Elaine Kramann, Rafael Merkel, Rudolf Leube, Rudolf E. Strnad, Pavel |
author_facet | Gross, Annika Zhou, Biaohuan Bewersdorf, Lisa Schwarz, Nicole Schacht, Gabriel M. Boor, Peter Hoeft, Konrad Hoffmann, Bernd Fuchs, Elaine Kramann, Rafael Merkel, Rudolf Leube, Rudolf E. Strnad, Pavel |
author_sort | Gross, Annika |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND & AIMS: Desmosomes are intercellular junctions connecting keratin intermediate filaments of neighboring cells. The cadherins desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) and desmocollin 2 mediate cell–cell adhesion, whereas desmoplakin (Dsp) provides the attachment of desmosomes to keratins. Although the importance of the desmosome–keratin network is well established in mechanically challenged tissues, we aimed to assess the currently understudied function of desmosomal proteins in intestinal epithelia. METHODS: We analyzed the intestine-specific villin-Cre DSP (DSP(ΔIEC)) and the combined intestine-specific DSG2/DSP(ΔIEC) (ΔDsg2/Dsp) knockout mice. Cross-breeding with keratin 8–yellow fluorescent protein knock-in mice and generation of organoids was performed to visualize the keratin network. A Dsp-deficient colorectal carcinoma HT29-derived cell line was generated and the role of Dsp in adhesion and mechanical stress was studied in dispase assays, after exposure to uniaxial cell stretching and during scratch assay. RESULTS: The intestine of DSP(ΔIEC) mice was histopathologically inconspicuous. Intestinal epithelial cells, however, showed an accelerated migration along the crypt and an enhanced shedding into the lumen. Increased intestinal permeability and altered levels of desmosomal proteins were detected. An inconspicuous phenotype also was seen in ΔDsg2/Dsp mice. After dextran sodium sulfate treatment, DSP(ΔIEC) mice developed more pronounced colitis. A retracted keratin network was seen in the intestinal epithelium of DSP(ΔIEC)/keratin 8–yellow fluorescent protein mice and organoids derived from these mice presented a collapsed keratin network. The level, phosphorylation status, and solubility of keratins were not affected. Dsp-deficient HT29 cells had an impaired cell adhesion and suffered from increased cellular damage after stretch. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that Dsp is required for proper keratin network architecture in intestinal epithelia, mechanical resilience, and adhesion, thereby protecting from injury. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8873596 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88735962022-03-02 Desmoplakin Maintains Transcellular Keratin Scaffolding and Protects From Intestinal Injury Gross, Annika Zhou, Biaohuan Bewersdorf, Lisa Schwarz, Nicole Schacht, Gabriel M. Boor, Peter Hoeft, Konrad Hoffmann, Bernd Fuchs, Elaine Kramann, Rafael Merkel, Rudolf Leube, Rudolf E. Strnad, Pavel Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol Original Research BACKGROUND & AIMS: Desmosomes are intercellular junctions connecting keratin intermediate filaments of neighboring cells. The cadherins desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) and desmocollin 2 mediate cell–cell adhesion, whereas desmoplakin (Dsp) provides the attachment of desmosomes to keratins. Although the importance of the desmosome–keratin network is well established in mechanically challenged tissues, we aimed to assess the currently understudied function of desmosomal proteins in intestinal epithelia. METHODS: We analyzed the intestine-specific villin-Cre DSP (DSP(ΔIEC)) and the combined intestine-specific DSG2/DSP(ΔIEC) (ΔDsg2/Dsp) knockout mice. Cross-breeding with keratin 8–yellow fluorescent protein knock-in mice and generation of organoids was performed to visualize the keratin network. A Dsp-deficient colorectal carcinoma HT29-derived cell line was generated and the role of Dsp in adhesion and mechanical stress was studied in dispase assays, after exposure to uniaxial cell stretching and during scratch assay. RESULTS: The intestine of DSP(ΔIEC) mice was histopathologically inconspicuous. Intestinal epithelial cells, however, showed an accelerated migration along the crypt and an enhanced shedding into the lumen. Increased intestinal permeability and altered levels of desmosomal proteins were detected. An inconspicuous phenotype also was seen in ΔDsg2/Dsp mice. After dextran sodium sulfate treatment, DSP(ΔIEC) mice developed more pronounced colitis. A retracted keratin network was seen in the intestinal epithelium of DSP(ΔIEC)/keratin 8–yellow fluorescent protein mice and organoids derived from these mice presented a collapsed keratin network. The level, phosphorylation status, and solubility of keratins were not affected. Dsp-deficient HT29 cells had an impaired cell adhesion and suffered from increased cellular damage after stretch. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that Dsp is required for proper keratin network architecture in intestinal epithelia, mechanical resilience, and adhesion, thereby protecting from injury. Elsevier 2021-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8873596/ /pubmed/34929421 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.12.009 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Original Research Gross, Annika Zhou, Biaohuan Bewersdorf, Lisa Schwarz, Nicole Schacht, Gabriel M. Boor, Peter Hoeft, Konrad Hoffmann, Bernd Fuchs, Elaine Kramann, Rafael Merkel, Rudolf Leube, Rudolf E. Strnad, Pavel Desmoplakin Maintains Transcellular Keratin Scaffolding and Protects From Intestinal Injury |
title | Desmoplakin Maintains Transcellular Keratin Scaffolding and Protects From Intestinal Injury |
title_full | Desmoplakin Maintains Transcellular Keratin Scaffolding and Protects From Intestinal Injury |
title_fullStr | Desmoplakin Maintains Transcellular Keratin Scaffolding and Protects From Intestinal Injury |
title_full_unstemmed | Desmoplakin Maintains Transcellular Keratin Scaffolding and Protects From Intestinal Injury |
title_short | Desmoplakin Maintains Transcellular Keratin Scaffolding and Protects From Intestinal Injury |
title_sort | desmoplakin maintains transcellular keratin scaffolding and protects from intestinal injury |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8873596/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34929421 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.12.009 |
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