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Applications of the ROS-Responsive Thioketal Linker for the Production of Smart Nanomedicines
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive drug delivery systems (DDS) specifically responding to altered levels of ROS in the pathological microenvironment have emerged as an effective means to enhance the pharmaceutical efficacy of conventional nanomedicines, while simultaneously reducing side effect...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8874672/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35215600 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040687 |
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author | Rinaldi, Arianna Caraffi, Riccardo Grazioli, Maria Vittoria Oddone, Natalia Giardino, Luciana Tosi, Giovanni Vandelli, Maria Angela Calzà, Laura Ruozi, Barbara Duskey, Jason Thomas |
author_facet | Rinaldi, Arianna Caraffi, Riccardo Grazioli, Maria Vittoria Oddone, Natalia Giardino, Luciana Tosi, Giovanni Vandelli, Maria Angela Calzà, Laura Ruozi, Barbara Duskey, Jason Thomas |
author_sort | Rinaldi, Arianna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive drug delivery systems (DDS) specifically responding to altered levels of ROS in the pathological microenvironment have emerged as an effective means to enhance the pharmaceutical efficacy of conventional nanomedicines, while simultaneously reducing side effects. In particular, the use of the biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic ROS-responsive thioketal (TK) functional group in the design of smart DDS has grown exponentially in recent years. In the design of TK-based DDS, different technological uses of TK have been proposed to overcome the major limitations of conventional DDS counterparts including uncontrolled drug release and off-target effects. This review will focus on the different technological uses of TK-based biomaterials in smart nanomedicines by using it as a linker to connect a drug on the surface of nanoparticles, form prodrugs, as a core component of the DDS to directly control its structure, to control the opening of drug-releasing gates or to change the conformation of the nano-systems. A comprehensive view of the various uses of TK may allow researchers to exploit this reactive linker more consciously while designing nanomedicines to be more effective with improved disease-targeting ability, providing novel therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of many diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8874672 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88746722022-02-26 Applications of the ROS-Responsive Thioketal Linker for the Production of Smart Nanomedicines Rinaldi, Arianna Caraffi, Riccardo Grazioli, Maria Vittoria Oddone, Natalia Giardino, Luciana Tosi, Giovanni Vandelli, Maria Angela Calzà, Laura Ruozi, Barbara Duskey, Jason Thomas Polymers (Basel) Review Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive drug delivery systems (DDS) specifically responding to altered levels of ROS in the pathological microenvironment have emerged as an effective means to enhance the pharmaceutical efficacy of conventional nanomedicines, while simultaneously reducing side effects. In particular, the use of the biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-toxic ROS-responsive thioketal (TK) functional group in the design of smart DDS has grown exponentially in recent years. In the design of TK-based DDS, different technological uses of TK have been proposed to overcome the major limitations of conventional DDS counterparts including uncontrolled drug release and off-target effects. This review will focus on the different technological uses of TK-based biomaterials in smart nanomedicines by using it as a linker to connect a drug on the surface of nanoparticles, form prodrugs, as a core component of the DDS to directly control its structure, to control the opening of drug-releasing gates or to change the conformation of the nano-systems. A comprehensive view of the various uses of TK may allow researchers to exploit this reactive linker more consciously while designing nanomedicines to be more effective with improved disease-targeting ability, providing novel therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of many diseases. MDPI 2022-02-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8874672/ /pubmed/35215600 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040687 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Rinaldi, Arianna Caraffi, Riccardo Grazioli, Maria Vittoria Oddone, Natalia Giardino, Luciana Tosi, Giovanni Vandelli, Maria Angela Calzà, Laura Ruozi, Barbara Duskey, Jason Thomas Applications of the ROS-Responsive Thioketal Linker for the Production of Smart Nanomedicines |
title | Applications of the ROS-Responsive Thioketal Linker for the Production of Smart Nanomedicines |
title_full | Applications of the ROS-Responsive Thioketal Linker for the Production of Smart Nanomedicines |
title_fullStr | Applications of the ROS-Responsive Thioketal Linker for the Production of Smart Nanomedicines |
title_full_unstemmed | Applications of the ROS-Responsive Thioketal Linker for the Production of Smart Nanomedicines |
title_short | Applications of the ROS-Responsive Thioketal Linker for the Production of Smart Nanomedicines |
title_sort | applications of the ros-responsive thioketal linker for the production of smart nanomedicines |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8874672/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35215600 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040687 |
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