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Endothelial Senescence and the Chronic Vascular Diseases: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities in Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is probably one of the paradigms of disease linked to aging. Underlying the physiopathology of atherosclerosis are cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and inflammation. These factors are increased in the elderly and from chronic disease patients. Elevated levels of oxidative stres...

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Autores principales: Ramírez, Rafael, Ceprian, Noemi, Figuer, Andrea, Valera, Gemma, Bodega, Guillermo, Alique, Matilde, Carracedo, Julia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8874678/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35207703
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12020215
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author Ramírez, Rafael
Ceprian, Noemi
Figuer, Andrea
Valera, Gemma
Bodega, Guillermo
Alique, Matilde
Carracedo, Julia
author_facet Ramírez, Rafael
Ceprian, Noemi
Figuer, Andrea
Valera, Gemma
Bodega, Guillermo
Alique, Matilde
Carracedo, Julia
author_sort Ramírez, Rafael
collection PubMed
description Atherosclerosis is probably one of the paradigms of disease linked to aging. Underlying the physiopathology of atherosclerosis are cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and inflammation. These factors are increased in the elderly and from chronic disease patients. Elevated levels of oxidative stress affect cellular function and metabolism, inducing senescence. This senescence modifies the cell phenotype into a senescent secretory phenotype. This phenotype activates immune cells, leading to chronic systemic inflammation. Moreover, due to their secretory phenotype, senescence cells present an increased release of highlighted extracellular vesicles that will change nearby/neighborhood cells and paracrine signaling. For this reason, searching for specific senescent cell biomarkers and therapies against the development/killing of senescent cells has become relevant. Recently, senomorphic and senolityc drugs have become relevant in slowing down or eliminating senescence cells. However, even though they have shown promising results in experimental studies, their clinical use is still yet to be determined.
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spelling pubmed-88746782022-02-26 Endothelial Senescence and the Chronic Vascular Diseases: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities in Atherosclerosis Ramírez, Rafael Ceprian, Noemi Figuer, Andrea Valera, Gemma Bodega, Guillermo Alique, Matilde Carracedo, Julia J Pers Med Review Atherosclerosis is probably one of the paradigms of disease linked to aging. Underlying the physiopathology of atherosclerosis are cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and inflammation. These factors are increased in the elderly and from chronic disease patients. Elevated levels of oxidative stress affect cellular function and metabolism, inducing senescence. This senescence modifies the cell phenotype into a senescent secretory phenotype. This phenotype activates immune cells, leading to chronic systemic inflammation. Moreover, due to their secretory phenotype, senescence cells present an increased release of highlighted extracellular vesicles that will change nearby/neighborhood cells and paracrine signaling. For this reason, searching for specific senescent cell biomarkers and therapies against the development/killing of senescent cells has become relevant. Recently, senomorphic and senolityc drugs have become relevant in slowing down or eliminating senescence cells. However, even though they have shown promising results in experimental studies, their clinical use is still yet to be determined. MDPI 2022-02-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8874678/ /pubmed/35207703 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12020215 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ramírez, Rafael
Ceprian, Noemi
Figuer, Andrea
Valera, Gemma
Bodega, Guillermo
Alique, Matilde
Carracedo, Julia
Endothelial Senescence and the Chronic Vascular Diseases: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities in Atherosclerosis
title Endothelial Senescence and the Chronic Vascular Diseases: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities in Atherosclerosis
title_full Endothelial Senescence and the Chronic Vascular Diseases: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities in Atherosclerosis
title_fullStr Endothelial Senescence and the Chronic Vascular Diseases: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities in Atherosclerosis
title_full_unstemmed Endothelial Senescence and the Chronic Vascular Diseases: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities in Atherosclerosis
title_short Endothelial Senescence and the Chronic Vascular Diseases: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities in Atherosclerosis
title_sort endothelial senescence and the chronic vascular diseases: challenges and therapeutic opportunities in atherosclerosis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8874678/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35207703
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12020215
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