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Neurogenic Dysphagia and Nutrition in Disorder of Consciousness: An Overview with Practical Advices on an “Old” but Still Actual Clinical Problem

Neurogenic dysphagia is a difficulty in swallowing food caused by disease or impairment of the nervous system, including stroke and traumatic brain injury. The most clinically apparent complication of neurogenic dysphagia is pulmonary aspiration, which may manifest itself acutely as choking or cough...

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Autores principales: Raciti, Loredana, Raciti, Gianfranco, Pulejo, Grazia, Conti-Nibali, Valeria, Calabrò, Rocco Salvatore
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8874700/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35200759
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines9020016
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author Raciti, Loredana
Raciti, Gianfranco
Pulejo, Grazia
Conti-Nibali, Valeria
Calabrò, Rocco Salvatore
author_facet Raciti, Loredana
Raciti, Gianfranco
Pulejo, Grazia
Conti-Nibali, Valeria
Calabrò, Rocco Salvatore
author_sort Raciti, Loredana
collection PubMed
description Neurogenic dysphagia is a difficulty in swallowing food caused by disease or impairment of the nervous system, including stroke and traumatic brain injury. The most clinically apparent complication of neurogenic dysphagia is pulmonary aspiration, which may manifest itself acutely as choking or coughing, respiratory distress, wheezing, gasping or gurgling, and tachycardia. However, chronic symptoms, including weight loss, production of excessive oral secretions and aspiration pneumonia, may be also present, especially in patients with a disorder of consciousness (DOC). Usually, patients with dysphagia after the acute phase need to be treated with enteral nutrition using a feeding tube. This avoids patient malnutrition and supports the rehabilitation program. This narrative review aims to investigate dysphagia and its complications and management in patients with DOC. Clinical indications and practical advice on how to assess and treat this complex problem are also provided.
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spelling pubmed-88747002022-02-26 Neurogenic Dysphagia and Nutrition in Disorder of Consciousness: An Overview with Practical Advices on an “Old” but Still Actual Clinical Problem Raciti, Loredana Raciti, Gianfranco Pulejo, Grazia Conti-Nibali, Valeria Calabrò, Rocco Salvatore Medicines (Basel) Review Neurogenic dysphagia is a difficulty in swallowing food caused by disease or impairment of the nervous system, including stroke and traumatic brain injury. The most clinically apparent complication of neurogenic dysphagia is pulmonary aspiration, which may manifest itself acutely as choking or coughing, respiratory distress, wheezing, gasping or gurgling, and tachycardia. However, chronic symptoms, including weight loss, production of excessive oral secretions and aspiration pneumonia, may be also present, especially in patients with a disorder of consciousness (DOC). Usually, patients with dysphagia after the acute phase need to be treated with enteral nutrition using a feeding tube. This avoids patient malnutrition and supports the rehabilitation program. This narrative review aims to investigate dysphagia and its complications and management in patients with DOC. Clinical indications and practical advice on how to assess and treat this complex problem are also provided. MDPI 2022-02-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8874700/ /pubmed/35200759 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines9020016 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Raciti, Loredana
Raciti, Gianfranco
Pulejo, Grazia
Conti-Nibali, Valeria
Calabrò, Rocco Salvatore
Neurogenic Dysphagia and Nutrition in Disorder of Consciousness: An Overview with Practical Advices on an “Old” but Still Actual Clinical Problem
title Neurogenic Dysphagia and Nutrition in Disorder of Consciousness: An Overview with Practical Advices on an “Old” but Still Actual Clinical Problem
title_full Neurogenic Dysphagia and Nutrition in Disorder of Consciousness: An Overview with Practical Advices on an “Old” but Still Actual Clinical Problem
title_fullStr Neurogenic Dysphagia and Nutrition in Disorder of Consciousness: An Overview with Practical Advices on an “Old” but Still Actual Clinical Problem
title_full_unstemmed Neurogenic Dysphagia and Nutrition in Disorder of Consciousness: An Overview with Practical Advices on an “Old” but Still Actual Clinical Problem
title_short Neurogenic Dysphagia and Nutrition in Disorder of Consciousness: An Overview with Practical Advices on an “Old” but Still Actual Clinical Problem
title_sort neurogenic dysphagia and nutrition in disorder of consciousness: an overview with practical advices on an “old” but still actual clinical problem
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8874700/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35200759
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines9020016
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