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Telocytes in the Female Reproductive System: Up-to-Date Knowledge, Challenges and Possible Clinical Applications

From their initial description in 2005 to this day, telocytes (TCs) have been described in the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary gland, and placenta. Their morphological features, immunophenotype, physiological functions, and roles in disease have been thoroughly documented in both anima...

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Autores principales: Klein, Martin, Csöbönyeiová, Mária, Danišovič, Ľuboš, Lapides, Lenka, Varga, Ivan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8874826/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35207554
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12020267
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author Klein, Martin
Csöbönyeiová, Mária
Danišovič, Ľuboš
Lapides, Lenka
Varga, Ivan
author_facet Klein, Martin
Csöbönyeiová, Mária
Danišovič, Ľuboš
Lapides, Lenka
Varga, Ivan
author_sort Klein, Martin
collection PubMed
description From their initial description in 2005 to this day, telocytes (TCs) have been described in the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary gland, and placenta. Their morphological features, immunophenotype, physiological functions, and roles in disease have been thoroughly documented in both animal models and human subjects. TCs, with their extremely long cytoplasmic processes called telopodes, play a pivotal role in the morphological and functional interconnection of all the components of the interstitial compartment, but also with constituents of the parenchyma. Although there is no specific immunohistochemical marker for their identification, the most cited are CD 117, CD 34, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), vimentin, and specific markers typical for the female reproductive system (FRS)—estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR). This immunophenotype provides important clues to their physiological roles. Their main functions include the regulation of hormone-dependent processes, intercellular signaling, immune surveillance, microenvironmental maintenance, and the nursing of stem cells. In a situation where TCs are functionally or morphologically decimated, many disease entities may develop, including premature ovarian failure, endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, preeclampsia, or even breast cancer. The common denominator of many of these conditions is that their etiopathogenesis is either partially known or completely obscure. Even though the exact role of TCs in these conditions is yet to be revealed, multiple lines of research indicate that their future clinical application may enrich diagnostic-therapeutic strategies of countless conditions. TCs are also heavily debated in terms of their possible use in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Some of the concepts related to TC research are strongly substantiated by experimental data, while others are highly speculative. Only future research endeavors will clearly distinguish dead-end lines of research from genuine contributions to the field.
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spelling pubmed-88748262022-02-26 Telocytes in the Female Reproductive System: Up-to-Date Knowledge, Challenges and Possible Clinical Applications Klein, Martin Csöbönyeiová, Mária Danišovič, Ľuboš Lapides, Lenka Varga, Ivan Life (Basel) Review From their initial description in 2005 to this day, telocytes (TCs) have been described in the ovary, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary gland, and placenta. Their morphological features, immunophenotype, physiological functions, and roles in disease have been thoroughly documented in both animal models and human subjects. TCs, with their extremely long cytoplasmic processes called telopodes, play a pivotal role in the morphological and functional interconnection of all the components of the interstitial compartment, but also with constituents of the parenchyma. Although there is no specific immunohistochemical marker for their identification, the most cited are CD 117, CD 34, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), vimentin, and specific markers typical for the female reproductive system (FRS)—estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR). This immunophenotype provides important clues to their physiological roles. Their main functions include the regulation of hormone-dependent processes, intercellular signaling, immune surveillance, microenvironmental maintenance, and the nursing of stem cells. In a situation where TCs are functionally or morphologically decimated, many disease entities may develop, including premature ovarian failure, endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, preeclampsia, or even breast cancer. The common denominator of many of these conditions is that their etiopathogenesis is either partially known or completely obscure. Even though the exact role of TCs in these conditions is yet to be revealed, multiple lines of research indicate that their future clinical application may enrich diagnostic-therapeutic strategies of countless conditions. TCs are also heavily debated in terms of their possible use in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Some of the concepts related to TC research are strongly substantiated by experimental data, while others are highly speculative. Only future research endeavors will clearly distinguish dead-end lines of research from genuine contributions to the field. MDPI 2022-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC8874826/ /pubmed/35207554 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12020267 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Klein, Martin
Csöbönyeiová, Mária
Danišovič, Ľuboš
Lapides, Lenka
Varga, Ivan
Telocytes in the Female Reproductive System: Up-to-Date Knowledge, Challenges and Possible Clinical Applications
title Telocytes in the Female Reproductive System: Up-to-Date Knowledge, Challenges and Possible Clinical Applications
title_full Telocytes in the Female Reproductive System: Up-to-Date Knowledge, Challenges and Possible Clinical Applications
title_fullStr Telocytes in the Female Reproductive System: Up-to-Date Knowledge, Challenges and Possible Clinical Applications
title_full_unstemmed Telocytes in the Female Reproductive System: Up-to-Date Knowledge, Challenges and Possible Clinical Applications
title_short Telocytes in the Female Reproductive System: Up-to-Date Knowledge, Challenges and Possible Clinical Applications
title_sort telocytes in the female reproductive system: up-to-date knowledge, challenges and possible clinical applications
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8874826/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35207554
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12020267
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