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Gait Impairment in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review

Introduction: Gait impairment occurs across the spectrum of traumatic brain injury (TBI); from mild (mTBI) to moderate (modTBI), to severe (sevTBI). Recent evidence suggests that objective gait assessment may be a surrogate marker for neurological impairment such as TBI. However, the most optimal me...

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Autores principales: Dever, Anthony, Powell, Dylan, Graham, Lisa, Mason, Rachel, Das, Julia, Marshall, Steven J., Vitorio, Rodrigo, Godfrey, Alan, Stuart, Samuel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8875145/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35214382
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041480
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author Dever, Anthony
Powell, Dylan
Graham, Lisa
Mason, Rachel
Das, Julia
Marshall, Steven J.
Vitorio, Rodrigo
Godfrey, Alan
Stuart, Samuel
author_facet Dever, Anthony
Powell, Dylan
Graham, Lisa
Mason, Rachel
Das, Julia
Marshall, Steven J.
Vitorio, Rodrigo
Godfrey, Alan
Stuart, Samuel
author_sort Dever, Anthony
collection PubMed
description Introduction: Gait impairment occurs across the spectrum of traumatic brain injury (TBI); from mild (mTBI) to moderate (modTBI), to severe (sevTBI). Recent evidence suggests that objective gait assessment may be a surrogate marker for neurological impairment such as TBI. However, the most optimal method of objective gait assessment is still not well understood due to previous reliance on subjective assessment approaches. The purpose of this review was to examine objective assessment of gait impairments across the spectrum of TBI. Methods: PubMed, AMED, OVID and CINAHL databases were searched with a search strategy containing key search terms for TBI and gait. Original research articles reporting gait outcomes in adults with TBI (mTBI, modTBI, sevTBI) were included. Results: 156 citations were identified from the search, of these, 13 studies met the initial criteria and were included into the review. The findings from the reviewed studies suggest that gait is impaired in mTBI, modTBI and sevTBI (in acute and chronic stages), but methodological limitations were evident within all studies. Inertial measurement units were most used to assess gait, with single-task, dual-task and obstacle crossing conditions used. No studies examined gait across the full spectrum of TBI and all studies differed in their gait assessment protocols. Recommendations for future studies are provided. Conclusion: Gait was found to be impaired in TBI within the reviewed studies regardless of severity level (mTBI, modTBI, sevTBI), but methodological limitations of studies (transparency and reproducibility) limit clinical application. Further research is required to establish a standardised gait assessment procedure to fully determine gait impairment across the spectrum of TBI with comprehensive outcomes and consistent protocols.
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spelling pubmed-88751452022-02-26 Gait Impairment in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review Dever, Anthony Powell, Dylan Graham, Lisa Mason, Rachel Das, Julia Marshall, Steven J. Vitorio, Rodrigo Godfrey, Alan Stuart, Samuel Sensors (Basel) Review Introduction: Gait impairment occurs across the spectrum of traumatic brain injury (TBI); from mild (mTBI) to moderate (modTBI), to severe (sevTBI). Recent evidence suggests that objective gait assessment may be a surrogate marker for neurological impairment such as TBI. However, the most optimal method of objective gait assessment is still not well understood due to previous reliance on subjective assessment approaches. The purpose of this review was to examine objective assessment of gait impairments across the spectrum of TBI. Methods: PubMed, AMED, OVID and CINAHL databases were searched with a search strategy containing key search terms for TBI and gait. Original research articles reporting gait outcomes in adults with TBI (mTBI, modTBI, sevTBI) were included. Results: 156 citations were identified from the search, of these, 13 studies met the initial criteria and were included into the review. The findings from the reviewed studies suggest that gait is impaired in mTBI, modTBI and sevTBI (in acute and chronic stages), but methodological limitations were evident within all studies. Inertial measurement units were most used to assess gait, with single-task, dual-task and obstacle crossing conditions used. No studies examined gait across the full spectrum of TBI and all studies differed in their gait assessment protocols. Recommendations for future studies are provided. Conclusion: Gait was found to be impaired in TBI within the reviewed studies regardless of severity level (mTBI, modTBI, sevTBI), but methodological limitations of studies (transparency and reproducibility) limit clinical application. Further research is required to establish a standardised gait assessment procedure to fully determine gait impairment across the spectrum of TBI with comprehensive outcomes and consistent protocols. MDPI 2022-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8875145/ /pubmed/35214382 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041480 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Dever, Anthony
Powell, Dylan
Graham, Lisa
Mason, Rachel
Das, Julia
Marshall, Steven J.
Vitorio, Rodrigo
Godfrey, Alan
Stuart, Samuel
Gait Impairment in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
title Gait Impairment in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
title_full Gait Impairment in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Gait Impairment in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Gait Impairment in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
title_short Gait Impairment in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
title_sort gait impairment in traumatic brain injury: a systematic review
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8875145/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35214382
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041480
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