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Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination Campaign in Italy: Towards the Control of HBV Infection for the First Time in a European Country

Background: In 1991, a mass immunization campaign against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for children and teenagers was introduced in Italy. This study evaluated the impact of the immunization campaign on the incidence and modes of HBV transmission. Method: Acute HBV cases of viral hepatitis were repor...

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Autores principales: Stroffolini, Tommaso, Morisco, Filomena, Ferrigno, Luigina, Pontillo, Giuseppina, Iantosca, Giuseppina, Cossiga, Valentina, Crateri, Simonetta, Tosti, Maria Elena
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8875306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35215839
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14020245
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author Stroffolini, Tommaso
Morisco, Filomena
Ferrigno, Luigina
Pontillo, Giuseppina
Iantosca, Giuseppina
Cossiga, Valentina
Crateri, Simonetta
Tosti, Maria Elena
author_facet Stroffolini, Tommaso
Morisco, Filomena
Ferrigno, Luigina
Pontillo, Giuseppina
Iantosca, Giuseppina
Cossiga, Valentina
Crateri, Simonetta
Tosti, Maria Elena
author_sort Stroffolini, Tommaso
collection PubMed
description Background: In 1991, a mass immunization campaign against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for children and teenagers was introduced in Italy. This study evaluated the impact of the immunization campaign on the incidence and modes of HBV transmission. Method: Acute HBV cases of viral hepatitis were reported to the National Surveillance System (SEIEVA). Hepatitis A cases reported to the same system were used as controls to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and the population attributable risk for potential risk factors. Results: The incidence of acute HBV declined from 5.0 in 1990 to 0.4 in 2019 per 100,000 population. The fall was almost total in people targeted by the campaign: in 2019, zero cases (100% reduction) in the age-group 0–14 years and 0.1 cases per 100,000 population (99.4% reduction) in the age-group 15–24 years were reported. In the decade 2010–2019, nearly one-fifth (19.3%) of cases occurred in foreigners. Intravenous drug use is no longer a risk factor (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5–1.02). Beauty treatments, risky sexual exposure, and household contact with an HBsAg carrier were found to be independent predictors of acute hepatitis B. Conclusions: The HB vaccination campaign proved effective in minimising acute HBV in Italy. Control of the infection is close to being reached for the first time in Europe.
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spelling pubmed-88753062022-02-26 Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination Campaign in Italy: Towards the Control of HBV Infection for the First Time in a European Country Stroffolini, Tommaso Morisco, Filomena Ferrigno, Luigina Pontillo, Giuseppina Iantosca, Giuseppina Cossiga, Valentina Crateri, Simonetta Tosti, Maria Elena Viruses Article Background: In 1991, a mass immunization campaign against the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for children and teenagers was introduced in Italy. This study evaluated the impact of the immunization campaign on the incidence and modes of HBV transmission. Method: Acute HBV cases of viral hepatitis were reported to the National Surveillance System (SEIEVA). Hepatitis A cases reported to the same system were used as controls to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and the population attributable risk for potential risk factors. Results: The incidence of acute HBV declined from 5.0 in 1990 to 0.4 in 2019 per 100,000 population. The fall was almost total in people targeted by the campaign: in 2019, zero cases (100% reduction) in the age-group 0–14 years and 0.1 cases per 100,000 population (99.4% reduction) in the age-group 15–24 years were reported. In the decade 2010–2019, nearly one-fifth (19.3%) of cases occurred in foreigners. Intravenous drug use is no longer a risk factor (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5–1.02). Beauty treatments, risky sexual exposure, and household contact with an HBsAg carrier were found to be independent predictors of acute hepatitis B. Conclusions: The HB vaccination campaign proved effective in minimising acute HBV in Italy. Control of the infection is close to being reached for the first time in Europe. MDPI 2022-01-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8875306/ /pubmed/35215839 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14020245 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Stroffolini, Tommaso
Morisco, Filomena
Ferrigno, Luigina
Pontillo, Giuseppina
Iantosca, Giuseppina
Cossiga, Valentina
Crateri, Simonetta
Tosti, Maria Elena
Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination Campaign in Italy: Towards the Control of HBV Infection for the First Time in a European Country
title Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination Campaign in Italy: Towards the Control of HBV Infection for the First Time in a European Country
title_full Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination Campaign in Italy: Towards the Control of HBV Infection for the First Time in a European Country
title_fullStr Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination Campaign in Italy: Towards the Control of HBV Infection for the First Time in a European Country
title_full_unstemmed Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination Campaign in Italy: Towards the Control of HBV Infection for the First Time in a European Country
title_short Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination Campaign in Italy: Towards the Control of HBV Infection for the First Time in a European Country
title_sort effectiveness of hepatitis b vaccination campaign in italy: towards the control of hbv infection for the first time in a european country
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8875306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35215839
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14020245
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