A Numerical Investigation of the Mixing Performance in a Y-Junction Microchannel Induced by Acoustic Streaming

In this study, the mixing performance in a Y-junction microchannel with acoustic streaming was investigated through numerical simulation. The acoustic streaming is created by inducing triangular structures at the junction and sidewalls regions. The numerical model utilizes Navier–Stokes equations in conjunction with the convection–diffusion equations. The parameters investigated were inlet velocities ranging from 4.46 to 55.6 µm/s, triangular structure’s vertex angles ranging from 22° to 90° oscillation amplitude ranging from 3 to 6 µm, and an oscillation frequency set to 13 kHz. The results show that at the junction region, a pair of counter-rotating streaming vortices were formed, and unsymmetrical or one-sided vortices were formed when additional triangles were added along the sidewalls. These streaming flows significantly increase the vorticity compared with the case without the acoustic stream. Mixing performances were found to have improved with the generation of the acoustic stream. The mixing performance was evaluated at various inlet velocities, the vertex angles of the triangular structure, and oscillation amplitudes. The numerical results show that adding the triangular structure at the junction region considerably improved the mixing efficiency due to the generation of acoustic streaming, and further improvements can be achieved at lower inlet velocity, sharper vertex angle, and higher oscillation amplitude. Integrating with more triangular structures at the sidewall regions also improves the mixing performance within the laminar flow regime in the Y-microchannel. At Y = 2.30 mm, oscillation amplitude of 6 µm, and flow inlet velocity of 55.6 µm/s, with all three triangles integrated and the triangles’ vertex angles fixed to [Formula: see text] , the mixing index can achieve the best results of 0.9981, which is better than 0.8355 in the case of using only the triangle at the junction, and 0.6642 in the case without acoustic streaming. This is equal to an improvement of 50.27% in the case of using both the junction and the two sidewall triangles, and 25.79% in the case of simply using a junction triangle.