A Mediterranean-Style Diet Plan Is Associated with Greater Effectiveness and Sustainability in Weight Loss in Patients with Obesity after Endoscopic Bariatric Therapy

This study aimed to investigate the impact of a Mediterranean-style diet on weight loss effectiveness and sustainability in patients with obesity who underwent endoscopic bariatric therapies (EBT), relative to a protein diet plan. Thus, 132 patients with obesity (BMI 30–40 kg/m(2)) who underwent EBT, were asked to follow a Mediterranean-style diet plan (n = 52) or a protein diet plan (n = 26) for six months. General linear models were used to compare outcome variables between dietary intervention groups. Results showed that participants who followed a Mediterranean-style diet plan lost 14.2% more weight (95% CI: 3.0; 25.3), compared with those who followed a protein diet plan. Additionally, following a Mediterranean-style diet plan was associated with the sustainability of weight loss. Note that three months after the end of the dietary intervention, the patients who followed a Mediterranean-style diet plan were still losing weight (−1.2 ± 3.0 kg), while those with a protein diet plan gained, on average, 2.4 ± 3.3 kg (p < 0.001). Therefore, we conclude that combining EBT with a Mediterranean-style diet plan could represent an effective dietary intervention to improve the effectiveness and sustainability of weight loss after an EBT.