Reduced-Pressure Process for Fabricating Tea Tree Oil—Polyvinylpyrrolidone Electrospun Fibers

Electrospun fibers containing tea tree oil (TTO) can be explored for practical applications due to the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of TTO. Considering that there are potentially toxic components in TTO, it is necessary to eliminate or reduce its content in the preparation process of TTO-doped electrospun fibers. In this work, electrospun TTO-PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) fibers containing an 18.18 wt.% decreased content of 1,8-Cineole were successfully fabricated by intense evaporation of a self-made reduced-pressure electrospinning (RP-ES) setup (as low as 94.4 kPa). In addition, such intense evaporation led to a morphology change, where a typical average fiber diameter increased from 0.831 to 1.148 μm, fewer and smaller beads in fibers, along with a rougher and grooves fiber surface. These morphology changes allowed Terpinen-4-ol to remain in the fiber for a more extended period. In addition, RP-ES proved the possibility for intense evaporation and continuous vapor removal by continuously environmental vacuum pumping of electrospinning.