The Thermal Properties of a Prototype Insulation with a Gyroid Structure—Optimization of the Structure of a Cellular Composite Made Using SLS Printing Technology

This paper focuses on the search for novel insulating structures, and the generation of them by means of a state-of-the-art manufacturing method—3D printing. Bionic structures, which are successfully used in many branches of technology, were chosen as the source of inspiration for the research. The paper presents a design of spatial structures with a gyroid infill (e.g., TPMS), the shape of which reflects the bionic structure of the inside of a bone. For SLS printed single- and multi-layered structures, the design value of the thermal conductivity coefficient was determined through measurements and calculations. A statistical analysis was carried out to determine the effect of the direction of heat flow, as well as the internal structure and layering of the prototype materials, on the values of the thermal conductivity coefficient and the thermal resistance coefficient. On the basis of the multicriteria analysis, the composite’s optimal composition according to the adopted optimization criteria was determined. The lowest possible thermal conductivity of the insulation was equal to 0.033 W/(m·K). The highest possible thermal resistance was equal to 0.606 m(2)·K/W. Thermal insulation made of the prototype insulating partitions with a gyroidal structure is characterized by good insulating parameters.