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Polymer–Nickel Composite Filaments for 3D Printing of Open Porous Materials

Catalysis has been a key way of improving the efficiency-to-cost ratio of chemical and electrochemical processes. There have been recent developments in catalyst materials that enable the development of novel and more sophisticated devices that, for example, can be used in applications, such as memb...

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Autores principales: Mackiewicz, Ewelina, Wejrzanowski, Tomasz, Adamczyk-Cieślak, Bogusława, Oliver, Graeme J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8876734/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35207902
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041360
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author Mackiewicz, Ewelina
Wejrzanowski, Tomasz
Adamczyk-Cieślak, Bogusława
Oliver, Graeme J.
author_facet Mackiewicz, Ewelina
Wejrzanowski, Tomasz
Adamczyk-Cieślak, Bogusława
Oliver, Graeme J.
author_sort Mackiewicz, Ewelina
collection PubMed
description Catalysis has been a key way of improving the efficiency-to-cost ratio of chemical and electrochemical processes. There have been recent developments in catalyst materials that enable the development of novel and more sophisticated devices that, for example, can be used in applications, such as membranes, batteries or fuel cells. Since catalytic reactions occur on the surface, most catalyst materials are based on open porous structures, which facilitates the transport of fluids (gas or liquid) and chemical (or electrochemical) specific surface activity, thus determining the overall efficiency of the device. Noble metals are typically used for low temperature catalysis, whereas lower cost materials, such as nickel, are used for catalysis at elevated temperatures. 3D printing has the potential to produce a more sophisticated fit for purpose catalyst material. This article presents the development, fabrication and performance comparison of three thermoplastic composites where PLA (polylactic acid), PVB (polyvinyl butyral) or ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) were used as the matrix, and nickel particles were used as filler with various volume fractions, from 5 to 25 vol%. The polymer–metal composites were extruded in the form of filaments and then used for 3D FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) printing. The 3D printed composites were heat treated to remove the polymer and sinter the nickel particles. 3D printed composites were also prepared using nickel foam as a substrate to increase the final porosity and mechanical strength of the material. The result of the study demonstrates the ability of the optimized filament materials to be used in the fabrication of high open porosity (over 60%) structures that could be used in high-temperature catalysis and/or electrocatalysis.
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spelling pubmed-88767342022-02-26 Polymer–Nickel Composite Filaments for 3D Printing of Open Porous Materials Mackiewicz, Ewelina Wejrzanowski, Tomasz Adamczyk-Cieślak, Bogusława Oliver, Graeme J. Materials (Basel) Article Catalysis has been a key way of improving the efficiency-to-cost ratio of chemical and electrochemical processes. There have been recent developments in catalyst materials that enable the development of novel and more sophisticated devices that, for example, can be used in applications, such as membranes, batteries or fuel cells. Since catalytic reactions occur on the surface, most catalyst materials are based on open porous structures, which facilitates the transport of fluids (gas or liquid) and chemical (or electrochemical) specific surface activity, thus determining the overall efficiency of the device. Noble metals are typically used for low temperature catalysis, whereas lower cost materials, such as nickel, are used for catalysis at elevated temperatures. 3D printing has the potential to produce a more sophisticated fit for purpose catalyst material. This article presents the development, fabrication and performance comparison of three thermoplastic composites where PLA (polylactic acid), PVB (polyvinyl butyral) or ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) were used as the matrix, and nickel particles were used as filler with various volume fractions, from 5 to 25 vol%. The polymer–metal composites were extruded in the form of filaments and then used for 3D FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) printing. The 3D printed composites were heat treated to remove the polymer and sinter the nickel particles. 3D printed composites were also prepared using nickel foam as a substrate to increase the final porosity and mechanical strength of the material. The result of the study demonstrates the ability of the optimized filament materials to be used in the fabrication of high open porosity (over 60%) structures that could be used in high-temperature catalysis and/or electrocatalysis. MDPI 2022-02-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8876734/ /pubmed/35207902 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041360 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Mackiewicz, Ewelina
Wejrzanowski, Tomasz
Adamczyk-Cieślak, Bogusława
Oliver, Graeme J.
Polymer–Nickel Composite Filaments for 3D Printing of Open Porous Materials
title Polymer–Nickel Composite Filaments for 3D Printing of Open Porous Materials
title_full Polymer–Nickel Composite Filaments for 3D Printing of Open Porous Materials
title_fullStr Polymer–Nickel Composite Filaments for 3D Printing of Open Porous Materials
title_full_unstemmed Polymer–Nickel Composite Filaments for 3D Printing of Open Porous Materials
title_short Polymer–Nickel Composite Filaments for 3D Printing of Open Porous Materials
title_sort polymer–nickel composite filaments for 3d printing of open porous materials
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8876734/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35207902
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041360
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