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Kidney Injury in COVID-19: Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets

As of December 2021, SARS-CoV-2 had caused over 250 million infections and 5 million deaths worldwide. Furthermore, despite the development of highly effective vaccines, novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to sustain the pandemic, and the search for effective therapies for COVID-19 remains as urge...

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Autores principales: Teixeira, J. Pedro, Barone, Sharon, Zahedi, Kamyar, Soleimani, Manoocher
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8877127/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35216358
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042242
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author Teixeira, J. Pedro
Barone, Sharon
Zahedi, Kamyar
Soleimani, Manoocher
author_facet Teixeira, J. Pedro
Barone, Sharon
Zahedi, Kamyar
Soleimani, Manoocher
author_sort Teixeira, J. Pedro
collection PubMed
description As of December 2021, SARS-CoV-2 had caused over 250 million infections and 5 million deaths worldwide. Furthermore, despite the development of highly effective vaccines, novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to sustain the pandemic, and the search for effective therapies for COVID-19 remains as urgent as ever. Though the primary manifestation of COVID-19 is pneumonia, the disease can affect multiple organs, including the kidneys, with acute kidney injury (AKI) being among the most common extrapulmonary manifestations of severe COVID-19. In this article, we start by reflecting on the epidemiology of kidney disease in COVID-19, which overwhelmingly demonstrates that AKI is common in COVID-19 and is strongly associated with poor outcomes. We also present emerging data showing that COVID-19 may result in long-term renal impairment and delve into the ongoing debate about whether AKI in COVID-19 is mediated by direct viral injury. Next, we focus on the molecular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection by both reviewing previously published data and presenting some novel data on the mechanisms of cellular viral entry. Finally, we relate these molecular mechanisms to a series of therapies currently under investigation and propose additional novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19.
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spelling pubmed-88771272022-02-26 Kidney Injury in COVID-19: Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets Teixeira, J. Pedro Barone, Sharon Zahedi, Kamyar Soleimani, Manoocher Int J Mol Sci Review As of December 2021, SARS-CoV-2 had caused over 250 million infections and 5 million deaths worldwide. Furthermore, despite the development of highly effective vaccines, novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to sustain the pandemic, and the search for effective therapies for COVID-19 remains as urgent as ever. Though the primary manifestation of COVID-19 is pneumonia, the disease can affect multiple organs, including the kidneys, with acute kidney injury (AKI) being among the most common extrapulmonary manifestations of severe COVID-19. In this article, we start by reflecting on the epidemiology of kidney disease in COVID-19, which overwhelmingly demonstrates that AKI is common in COVID-19 and is strongly associated with poor outcomes. We also present emerging data showing that COVID-19 may result in long-term renal impairment and delve into the ongoing debate about whether AKI in COVID-19 is mediated by direct viral injury. Next, we focus on the molecular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection by both reviewing previously published data and presenting some novel data on the mechanisms of cellular viral entry. Finally, we relate these molecular mechanisms to a series of therapies currently under investigation and propose additional novel therapeutic targets for COVID-19. MDPI 2022-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8877127/ /pubmed/35216358 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042242 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Teixeira, J. Pedro
Barone, Sharon
Zahedi, Kamyar
Soleimani, Manoocher
Kidney Injury in COVID-19: Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets
title Kidney Injury in COVID-19: Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets
title_full Kidney Injury in COVID-19: Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets
title_fullStr Kidney Injury in COVID-19: Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets
title_full_unstemmed Kidney Injury in COVID-19: Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets
title_short Kidney Injury in COVID-19: Epidemiology, Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets
title_sort kidney injury in covid-19: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8877127/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35216358
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042242
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