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Manipulating Macrophage/Microglia Polarization to Treat Glioblastoma or Multiple Sclerosis
Macrophages and microglia are implicated in several diseases with divergent roles in physiopathology. This discrepancy can be explained by their capacity to endorse different polarization states. Theoretical extremes of these states are called M1 and M2. M1 are pro-inflammatory, microbicidal, and cy...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8877500/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35214076 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020344 |
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author | Kuntzel, Thomas Bagnard, Dominique |
author_facet | Kuntzel, Thomas Bagnard, Dominique |
author_sort | Kuntzel, Thomas |
collection | PubMed |
description | Macrophages and microglia are implicated in several diseases with divergent roles in physiopathology. This discrepancy can be explained by their capacity to endorse different polarization states. Theoretical extremes of these states are called M1 and M2. M1 are pro-inflammatory, microbicidal, and cytotoxic whereas M2 are anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory cells in favor of tumor progression. In pathological states, these polarizations are dysregulated, thus restoring phenotypes could be an interesting treatment approach against diseases. In this review, we will focus on compounds targeting macrophages and microglia polarization in two very distinctive pathologies: multiple sclerosis and glioblastoma. Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by demyelination and axon degradation. In this case, macrophages and microglia endorse a M1-like phenotype inducing inflammation. Promoting the opposite M2-like polarization could be an interesting treatment strategy. Glioblastoma is a brain tumor in which macrophages and microglia facilitate tumor progression, spreading, and angiogenesis. They are part of the tumor associated macrophages displaying an anti-inflammatory phenotype, thereby inhibiting anti-tumoral immunity. Re-activating them could be a method to limit and reduce tumor progression. These two pathologies will be used to exemplify that targeting the polarization of macrophages and microglia is a promising approach with a broad spectrum of applications deserving more attention. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8877500 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88775002022-02-26 Manipulating Macrophage/Microglia Polarization to Treat Glioblastoma or Multiple Sclerosis Kuntzel, Thomas Bagnard, Dominique Pharmaceutics Review Macrophages and microglia are implicated in several diseases with divergent roles in physiopathology. This discrepancy can be explained by their capacity to endorse different polarization states. Theoretical extremes of these states are called M1 and M2. M1 are pro-inflammatory, microbicidal, and cytotoxic whereas M2 are anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory cells in favor of tumor progression. In pathological states, these polarizations are dysregulated, thus restoring phenotypes could be an interesting treatment approach against diseases. In this review, we will focus on compounds targeting macrophages and microglia polarization in two very distinctive pathologies: multiple sclerosis and glioblastoma. Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by demyelination and axon degradation. In this case, macrophages and microglia endorse a M1-like phenotype inducing inflammation. Promoting the opposite M2-like polarization could be an interesting treatment strategy. Glioblastoma is a brain tumor in which macrophages and microglia facilitate tumor progression, spreading, and angiogenesis. They are part of the tumor associated macrophages displaying an anti-inflammatory phenotype, thereby inhibiting anti-tumoral immunity. Re-activating them could be a method to limit and reduce tumor progression. These two pathologies will be used to exemplify that targeting the polarization of macrophages and microglia is a promising approach with a broad spectrum of applications deserving more attention. MDPI 2022-02-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8877500/ /pubmed/35214076 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020344 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kuntzel, Thomas Bagnard, Dominique Manipulating Macrophage/Microglia Polarization to Treat Glioblastoma or Multiple Sclerosis |
title | Manipulating Macrophage/Microglia Polarization to Treat Glioblastoma or Multiple Sclerosis |
title_full | Manipulating Macrophage/Microglia Polarization to Treat Glioblastoma or Multiple Sclerosis |
title_fullStr | Manipulating Macrophage/Microglia Polarization to Treat Glioblastoma or Multiple Sclerosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Manipulating Macrophage/Microglia Polarization to Treat Glioblastoma or Multiple Sclerosis |
title_short | Manipulating Macrophage/Microglia Polarization to Treat Glioblastoma or Multiple Sclerosis |
title_sort | manipulating macrophage/microglia polarization to treat glioblastoma or multiple sclerosis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8877500/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35214076 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020344 |
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