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Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears
The application of titanium alloy micro-gears in microelectromechanical systems has been severely restricted, as the graphite mold is prone to abrasion or even to crack at high temperatures, mainly due to the forming load. We aimed to manufacture Ti-6Al-4V alloy micro-gears through hot extrusion und...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8877572/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35208045 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041507 |
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author | Yan, Xiangzhong Zhang, Shengwei Huang, Kunlan Yang, Yi Wang, Wei Wu, Mingxia |
author_facet | Yan, Xiangzhong Zhang, Shengwei Huang, Kunlan Yang, Yi Wang, Wei Wu, Mingxia |
author_sort | Yan, Xiangzhong |
collection | PubMed |
description | The application of titanium alloy micro-gears in microelectromechanical systems has been severely restricted, as the graphite mold is prone to abrasion or even to crack at high temperatures, mainly due to the forming load. We aimed to manufacture Ti-6Al-4V alloy micro-gears through hot extrusion under an electric field and to clarify the influence of holding time on the extrusion force. The results suggest that the formed gears had a complete filling and clear tooth profile. Moreover, the contact resistance and current density caused a gradient temperature distribution inside the billet, resulting in a carburized layer and inhomogeneous β grains. The extrusion force increased with an increased holding time, which can be ascribed to the increase in the thickness of the carburized layer and the β grain size. Among these two factors, β grain size played a leading role in the extrusion force. Continuous dynamic recrystallization dominated the deformation in a single β phase, and the misorientation of the transformed α laths from β grains followed the Burgers orientation relationship. This study may pave the way for the extrusion forming of other titanium alloy micro-components. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8877572 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88775722022-02-26 Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears Yan, Xiangzhong Zhang, Shengwei Huang, Kunlan Yang, Yi Wang, Wei Wu, Mingxia Materials (Basel) Article The application of titanium alloy micro-gears in microelectromechanical systems has been severely restricted, as the graphite mold is prone to abrasion or even to crack at high temperatures, mainly due to the forming load. We aimed to manufacture Ti-6Al-4V alloy micro-gears through hot extrusion under an electric field and to clarify the influence of holding time on the extrusion force. The results suggest that the formed gears had a complete filling and clear tooth profile. Moreover, the contact resistance and current density caused a gradient temperature distribution inside the billet, resulting in a carburized layer and inhomogeneous β grains. The extrusion force increased with an increased holding time, which can be ascribed to the increase in the thickness of the carburized layer and the β grain size. Among these two factors, β grain size played a leading role in the extrusion force. Continuous dynamic recrystallization dominated the deformation in a single β phase, and the misorientation of the transformed α laths from β grains followed the Burgers orientation relationship. This study may pave the way for the extrusion forming of other titanium alloy micro-components. MDPI 2022-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8877572/ /pubmed/35208045 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041507 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yan, Xiangzhong Zhang, Shengwei Huang, Kunlan Yang, Yi Wang, Wei Wu, Mingxia Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears |
title | Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears |
title_full | Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears |
title_fullStr | Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears |
title_short | Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears |
title_sort | effect of holding time on the extrusion force and microstructure evolution during the plastic forming of ti-6al-4v micro-gears |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8877572/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35208045 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041507 |
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