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Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears

The application of titanium alloy micro-gears in microelectromechanical systems has been severely restricted, as the graphite mold is prone to abrasion or even to crack at high temperatures, mainly due to the forming load. We aimed to manufacture Ti-6Al-4V alloy micro-gears through hot extrusion und...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Yan, Xiangzhong, Zhang, Shengwei, Huang, Kunlan, Yang, Yi, Wang, Wei, Wu, Mingxia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8877572/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35208045
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041507
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author Yan, Xiangzhong
Zhang, Shengwei
Huang, Kunlan
Yang, Yi
Wang, Wei
Wu, Mingxia
author_facet Yan, Xiangzhong
Zhang, Shengwei
Huang, Kunlan
Yang, Yi
Wang, Wei
Wu, Mingxia
author_sort Yan, Xiangzhong
collection PubMed
description The application of titanium alloy micro-gears in microelectromechanical systems has been severely restricted, as the graphite mold is prone to abrasion or even to crack at high temperatures, mainly due to the forming load. We aimed to manufacture Ti-6Al-4V alloy micro-gears through hot extrusion under an electric field and to clarify the influence of holding time on the extrusion force. The results suggest that the formed gears had a complete filling and clear tooth profile. Moreover, the contact resistance and current density caused a gradient temperature distribution inside the billet, resulting in a carburized layer and inhomogeneous β grains. The extrusion force increased with an increased holding time, which can be ascribed to the increase in the thickness of the carburized layer and the β grain size. Among these two factors, β grain size played a leading role in the extrusion force. Continuous dynamic recrystallization dominated the deformation in a single β phase, and the misorientation of the transformed α laths from β grains followed the Burgers orientation relationship. This study may pave the way for the extrusion forming of other titanium alloy micro-components.
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spelling pubmed-88775722022-02-26 Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears Yan, Xiangzhong Zhang, Shengwei Huang, Kunlan Yang, Yi Wang, Wei Wu, Mingxia Materials (Basel) Article The application of titanium alloy micro-gears in microelectromechanical systems has been severely restricted, as the graphite mold is prone to abrasion or even to crack at high temperatures, mainly due to the forming load. We aimed to manufacture Ti-6Al-4V alloy micro-gears through hot extrusion under an electric field and to clarify the influence of holding time on the extrusion force. The results suggest that the formed gears had a complete filling and clear tooth profile. Moreover, the contact resistance and current density caused a gradient temperature distribution inside the billet, resulting in a carburized layer and inhomogeneous β grains. The extrusion force increased with an increased holding time, which can be ascribed to the increase in the thickness of the carburized layer and the β grain size. Among these two factors, β grain size played a leading role in the extrusion force. Continuous dynamic recrystallization dominated the deformation in a single β phase, and the misorientation of the transformed α laths from β grains followed the Burgers orientation relationship. This study may pave the way for the extrusion forming of other titanium alloy micro-components. MDPI 2022-02-17 /pmc/articles/PMC8877572/ /pubmed/35208045 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041507 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yan, Xiangzhong
Zhang, Shengwei
Huang, Kunlan
Yang, Yi
Wang, Wei
Wu, Mingxia
Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears
title Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears
title_full Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears
title_fullStr Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears
title_short Effect of Holding Time on the Extrusion Force and Microstructure Evolution during the Plastic Forming of Ti-6Al-4V Micro-Gears
title_sort effect of holding time on the extrusion force and microstructure evolution during the plastic forming of ti-6al-4v micro-gears
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8877572/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35208045
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041507
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