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Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets

Swallowing problems and the required dose adaptations needed to obtain optimal pharmacotherapy may be a hurdle in the use of tablets in daily clinical practice. Tablet splitting, crushing, or grinding is often applied to personalise medication, especially for the elderly and children. In this study,...

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Autores principales: Woerdenbag, Herman J., Visser, J. Carolina, Leferink op Reinink, Marlyn P. A. M., van Orsoy, Roël R., Eissens, Anko C., Hagedoorn, Paul, Dijkstra, Hilda, Allersma, Derk P., Ng, Shi W., Smeets, Oscar S. N. M., Frijlink, Henderik W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8878961/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35214052
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020320
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author Woerdenbag, Herman J.
Visser, J. Carolina
Leferink op Reinink, Marlyn P. A. M.
van Orsoy, Roël R.
Eissens, Anko C.
Hagedoorn, Paul
Dijkstra, Hilda
Allersma, Derk P.
Ng, Shi W.
Smeets, Oscar S. N. M.
Frijlink, Henderik W.
author_facet Woerdenbag, Herman J.
Visser, J. Carolina
Leferink op Reinink, Marlyn P. A. M.
van Orsoy, Roël R.
Eissens, Anko C.
Hagedoorn, Paul
Dijkstra, Hilda
Allersma, Derk P.
Ng, Shi W.
Smeets, Oscar S. N. M.
Frijlink, Henderik W.
author_sort Woerdenbag, Herman J.
collection PubMed
description Swallowing problems and the required dose adaptations needed to obtain optimal pharmacotherapy may be a hurdle in the use of tablets in daily clinical practice. Tablet splitting, crushing, or grinding is often applied to personalise medication, especially for the elderly and children. In this study, the performance of different types of (commercially available) devices was studied. Included were splitters, screwcap crushers, manual grinders, and electric grinders. Unscored tablets without active ingredient were prepared, with a diameter of 9 and 13 mm and a hardness of 100–220 N. Tablets were split into two parts and the difference in weight was measured. The time needed to pulverise the tablets (crush time) was recorded. The residue remaining in the device (loss) was measured. The powder was sieved to obtain a particle fraction >600 µm and <600 µm. The median particle size and particle size distribution of the later fraction were determined using laser diffraction analysis. Splitting tablets into two equal parts appeared to be difficult with the devices tested. Most screwcap grinders yielded a coarse powder containing larger chunks. Manual and especially electric grinders produced a finer powder, making it suitable for administration via an enteral feeding tube as well as for use in individualised preparations such as capsules. In conclusion, for domestic and incidental use, a screwcap crusher may provide sufficient size reduction, while for the more demanding regular use in hospitals and nursing residences, a manual or electric grinder is preferred.
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spelling pubmed-88789612022-02-26 Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets Woerdenbag, Herman J. Visser, J. Carolina Leferink op Reinink, Marlyn P. A. M. van Orsoy, Roël R. Eissens, Anko C. Hagedoorn, Paul Dijkstra, Hilda Allersma, Derk P. Ng, Shi W. Smeets, Oscar S. N. M. Frijlink, Henderik W. Pharmaceutics Article Swallowing problems and the required dose adaptations needed to obtain optimal pharmacotherapy may be a hurdle in the use of tablets in daily clinical practice. Tablet splitting, crushing, or grinding is often applied to personalise medication, especially for the elderly and children. In this study, the performance of different types of (commercially available) devices was studied. Included were splitters, screwcap crushers, manual grinders, and electric grinders. Unscored tablets without active ingredient were prepared, with a diameter of 9 and 13 mm and a hardness of 100–220 N. Tablets were split into two parts and the difference in weight was measured. The time needed to pulverise the tablets (crush time) was recorded. The residue remaining in the device (loss) was measured. The powder was sieved to obtain a particle fraction >600 µm and <600 µm. The median particle size and particle size distribution of the later fraction were determined using laser diffraction analysis. Splitting tablets into two equal parts appeared to be difficult with the devices tested. Most screwcap grinders yielded a coarse powder containing larger chunks. Manual and especially electric grinders produced a finer powder, making it suitable for administration via an enteral feeding tube as well as for use in individualised preparations such as capsules. In conclusion, for domestic and incidental use, a screwcap crusher may provide sufficient size reduction, while for the more demanding regular use in hospitals and nursing residences, a manual or electric grinder is preferred. MDPI 2022-01-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8878961/ /pubmed/35214052 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020320 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Woerdenbag, Herman J.
Visser, J. Carolina
Leferink op Reinink, Marlyn P. A. M.
van Orsoy, Roël R.
Eissens, Anko C.
Hagedoorn, Paul
Dijkstra, Hilda
Allersma, Derk P.
Ng, Shi W.
Smeets, Oscar S. N. M.
Frijlink, Henderik W.
Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets
title Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets
title_full Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets
title_fullStr Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets
title_full_unstemmed Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets
title_short Performance of Tablet Splitters, Crushers, and Grinders in Relation to Personalised Medication with Tablets
title_sort performance of tablet splitters, crushers, and grinders in relation to personalised medication with tablets
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8878961/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35214052
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14020320
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