Cargando…

Determination of Thymol in Commercial Formulation, Essential Oils, Traditional, and Ultrasound-Based Extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare Using a Greener HPTLC Approach

In the literature, greener analytical approaches for determining thymol in its commercial formulations, plant-based phytopharmaceuticals, and biological fluids are scarce. As a result, the goal of this study is to develop and validate a normal-phase “high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Foudah, Ahmed I., Shakeel, Faiyaz, Alqarni, Mohammed H., Ali, Abuzer, Alshehri, Sultan, Ghoneim, Mohammed M., Alam, Prawez
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8879744/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35208963
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041164
_version_ 1784658970647986176
author Foudah, Ahmed I.
Shakeel, Faiyaz
Alqarni, Mohammed H.
Ali, Abuzer
Alshehri, Sultan
Ghoneim, Mohammed M.
Alam, Prawez
author_facet Foudah, Ahmed I.
Shakeel, Faiyaz
Alqarni, Mohammed H.
Ali, Abuzer
Alshehri, Sultan
Ghoneim, Mohammed M.
Alam, Prawez
author_sort Foudah, Ahmed I.
collection PubMed
description In the literature, greener analytical approaches for determining thymol in its commercial formulations, plant-based phytopharmaceuticals, and biological fluids are scarce. As a result, the goal of this study is to develop and validate a normal-phase “high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)” method for determining thymol in commercial formulations, essential oils, traditional extracts (TE), and ultrasound-based extracts (UBE) of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare obtained from various geographical regions. The greener mobile phase for thymol analysis was a binary combination of cyclohexane and ethyl acetate (85:15, v/v). The derivatized densitometric analysis of thymol was carried out under visible mode at 530 nm utilizing anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid as a derivatizing/visualizing agent. In the 10–2000 ng/band range, the greener normal-phase HPTLC method was linear. Furthermore, for thymol analysis, the proposed analytical approach was simple, quick, inexpensive, accurate, precise, robust, sensitive, and greener. The thymol contents in commercial formulation were computed as 7.61% w/w. In general, the thymol contents were maximum in essential oils of T. vulgaris and O. vulgare compared to the other sample matrices studied. The thymol contents of TE of T. vulgaris and O. vulgare of different geographical regions were significantly low compared to their UBE extract. Using 12 distinct components of green analytical chemistry, the overall “analytical GREEnness (AGREE)” scale for the proposed analytical approach was computed 0.79, showing the good greener nature of the proposed analytical approach. Overall, the greener normal-phase HPTLC technique was found to be reliable for determining thymol in commercial formulations and plant-based phytopharmaceuticals.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8879744
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-88797442022-02-26 Determination of Thymol in Commercial Formulation, Essential Oils, Traditional, and Ultrasound-Based Extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare Using a Greener HPTLC Approach Foudah, Ahmed I. Shakeel, Faiyaz Alqarni, Mohammed H. Ali, Abuzer Alshehri, Sultan Ghoneim, Mohammed M. Alam, Prawez Molecules Article In the literature, greener analytical approaches for determining thymol in its commercial formulations, plant-based phytopharmaceuticals, and biological fluids are scarce. As a result, the goal of this study is to develop and validate a normal-phase “high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)” method for determining thymol in commercial formulations, essential oils, traditional extracts (TE), and ultrasound-based extracts (UBE) of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare obtained from various geographical regions. The greener mobile phase for thymol analysis was a binary combination of cyclohexane and ethyl acetate (85:15, v/v). The derivatized densitometric analysis of thymol was carried out under visible mode at 530 nm utilizing anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid as a derivatizing/visualizing agent. In the 10–2000 ng/band range, the greener normal-phase HPTLC method was linear. Furthermore, for thymol analysis, the proposed analytical approach was simple, quick, inexpensive, accurate, precise, robust, sensitive, and greener. The thymol contents in commercial formulation were computed as 7.61% w/w. In general, the thymol contents were maximum in essential oils of T. vulgaris and O. vulgare compared to the other sample matrices studied. The thymol contents of TE of T. vulgaris and O. vulgare of different geographical regions were significantly low compared to their UBE extract. Using 12 distinct components of green analytical chemistry, the overall “analytical GREEnness (AGREE)” scale for the proposed analytical approach was computed 0.79, showing the good greener nature of the proposed analytical approach. Overall, the greener normal-phase HPTLC technique was found to be reliable for determining thymol in commercial formulations and plant-based phytopharmaceuticals. MDPI 2022-02-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8879744/ /pubmed/35208963 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041164 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Foudah, Ahmed I.
Shakeel, Faiyaz
Alqarni, Mohammed H.
Ali, Abuzer
Alshehri, Sultan
Ghoneim, Mohammed M.
Alam, Prawez
Determination of Thymol in Commercial Formulation, Essential Oils, Traditional, and Ultrasound-Based Extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare Using a Greener HPTLC Approach
title Determination of Thymol in Commercial Formulation, Essential Oils, Traditional, and Ultrasound-Based Extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare Using a Greener HPTLC Approach
title_full Determination of Thymol in Commercial Formulation, Essential Oils, Traditional, and Ultrasound-Based Extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare Using a Greener HPTLC Approach
title_fullStr Determination of Thymol in Commercial Formulation, Essential Oils, Traditional, and Ultrasound-Based Extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare Using a Greener HPTLC Approach
title_full_unstemmed Determination of Thymol in Commercial Formulation, Essential Oils, Traditional, and Ultrasound-Based Extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare Using a Greener HPTLC Approach
title_short Determination of Thymol in Commercial Formulation, Essential Oils, Traditional, and Ultrasound-Based Extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Origanum vulgare Using a Greener HPTLC Approach
title_sort determination of thymol in commercial formulation, essential oils, traditional, and ultrasound-based extracts of thymus vulgaris and origanum vulgare using a greener hptlc approach
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8879744/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35208963
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041164
work_keys_str_mv AT foudahahmedi determinationofthymolincommercialformulationessentialoilstraditionalandultrasoundbasedextractsofthymusvulgarisandoriganumvulgareusingagreenerhptlcapproach
AT shakeelfaiyaz determinationofthymolincommercialformulationessentialoilstraditionalandultrasoundbasedextractsofthymusvulgarisandoriganumvulgareusingagreenerhptlcapproach
AT alqarnimohammedh determinationofthymolincommercialformulationessentialoilstraditionalandultrasoundbasedextractsofthymusvulgarisandoriganumvulgareusingagreenerhptlcapproach
AT aliabuzer determinationofthymolincommercialformulationessentialoilstraditionalandultrasoundbasedextractsofthymusvulgarisandoriganumvulgareusingagreenerhptlcapproach
AT alshehrisultan determinationofthymolincommercialformulationessentialoilstraditionalandultrasoundbasedextractsofthymusvulgarisandoriganumvulgareusingagreenerhptlcapproach
AT ghoneimmohammedm determinationofthymolincommercialformulationessentialoilstraditionalandultrasoundbasedextractsofthymusvulgarisandoriganumvulgareusingagreenerhptlcapproach
AT alamprawez determinationofthymolincommercialformulationessentialoilstraditionalandultrasoundbasedextractsofthymusvulgarisandoriganumvulgareusingagreenerhptlcapproach