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Prospects of Using Pseudobrookite as an Iron-Bearing Mineral for the Alkaline Electrolytic Production of Iron

The alkaline electrolytic production of iron is gaining interest due to the absence of CO(2) emissions and significantly lower electrical energy consumption when compared with traditional steelmaking. The possibility of using an iron-bearing pseudobrookite mineral, Fe(2)TiO(5), is explored for the f...

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Autores principales: Lopes, Daniela V., Lisenkov, Aleksey D., Ruivo, Luís C. M., Yaremchenko, Aleksey A., Frade, Jorge R., Kovalevsky, Andrei V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8879746/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35207979
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041440
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author Lopes, Daniela V.
Lisenkov, Aleksey D.
Ruivo, Luís C. M.
Yaremchenko, Aleksey A.
Frade, Jorge R.
Kovalevsky, Andrei V.
author_facet Lopes, Daniela V.
Lisenkov, Aleksey D.
Ruivo, Luís C. M.
Yaremchenko, Aleksey A.
Frade, Jorge R.
Kovalevsky, Andrei V.
author_sort Lopes, Daniela V.
collection PubMed
description The alkaline electrolytic production of iron is gaining interest due to the absence of CO(2) emissions and significantly lower electrical energy consumption when compared with traditional steelmaking. The possibility of using an iron-bearing pseudobrookite mineral, Fe(2)TiO(5), is explored for the first time as an alternative feedstock for the electrochemical reduction process. To assess relevant impacts of the presence of titanium, similar electroreduction processes were also performed for Fe(2)TiO(5)·Fe(2)O(3) and Fe(2)O(3). The electroreduction was attempted using dense and porous ceramic cathodes. Potentiostatic studies at the cathodic potentials of −1.15–−1.30 V vs. an Hg|HgO|NaOH reference electrode and a galvanostatic approach at 1 A/cm(2) were used together with electroreduction from ceramic suspensions, obtained by grinding the porous ceramics. The complete electroreduction to Fe(0) was only possible at high cathodic polarizations (−1.30 V), compromising the current efficiencies of the electrochemical process due to the hydrogen evolution reaction impact. Microstructural evolution and phase composition studies are discussed, providing trends on the role of titanium and corresponding electrochemical mechanisms. Although the obtained results suggest that pseudobrookite is not a feasible material to be used alone as feedstock for the electrolytic iron production, it can be considered with other iron oxide materials and/or ores to promote electroreduction.
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spelling pubmed-88797462022-02-26 Prospects of Using Pseudobrookite as an Iron-Bearing Mineral for the Alkaline Electrolytic Production of Iron Lopes, Daniela V. Lisenkov, Aleksey D. Ruivo, Luís C. M. Yaremchenko, Aleksey A. Frade, Jorge R. Kovalevsky, Andrei V. Materials (Basel) Article The alkaline electrolytic production of iron is gaining interest due to the absence of CO(2) emissions and significantly lower electrical energy consumption when compared with traditional steelmaking. The possibility of using an iron-bearing pseudobrookite mineral, Fe(2)TiO(5), is explored for the first time as an alternative feedstock for the electrochemical reduction process. To assess relevant impacts of the presence of titanium, similar electroreduction processes were also performed for Fe(2)TiO(5)·Fe(2)O(3) and Fe(2)O(3). The electroreduction was attempted using dense and porous ceramic cathodes. Potentiostatic studies at the cathodic potentials of −1.15–−1.30 V vs. an Hg|HgO|NaOH reference electrode and a galvanostatic approach at 1 A/cm(2) were used together with electroreduction from ceramic suspensions, obtained by grinding the porous ceramics. The complete electroreduction to Fe(0) was only possible at high cathodic polarizations (−1.30 V), compromising the current efficiencies of the electrochemical process due to the hydrogen evolution reaction impact. Microstructural evolution and phase composition studies are discussed, providing trends on the role of titanium and corresponding electrochemical mechanisms. Although the obtained results suggest that pseudobrookite is not a feasible material to be used alone as feedstock for the electrolytic iron production, it can be considered with other iron oxide materials and/or ores to promote electroreduction. MDPI 2022-02-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8879746/ /pubmed/35207979 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041440 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lopes, Daniela V.
Lisenkov, Aleksey D.
Ruivo, Luís C. M.
Yaremchenko, Aleksey A.
Frade, Jorge R.
Kovalevsky, Andrei V.
Prospects of Using Pseudobrookite as an Iron-Bearing Mineral for the Alkaline Electrolytic Production of Iron
title Prospects of Using Pseudobrookite as an Iron-Bearing Mineral for the Alkaline Electrolytic Production of Iron
title_full Prospects of Using Pseudobrookite as an Iron-Bearing Mineral for the Alkaline Electrolytic Production of Iron
title_fullStr Prospects of Using Pseudobrookite as an Iron-Bearing Mineral for the Alkaline Electrolytic Production of Iron
title_full_unstemmed Prospects of Using Pseudobrookite as an Iron-Bearing Mineral for the Alkaline Electrolytic Production of Iron
title_short Prospects of Using Pseudobrookite as an Iron-Bearing Mineral for the Alkaline Electrolytic Production of Iron
title_sort prospects of using pseudobrookite as an iron-bearing mineral for the alkaline electrolytic production of iron
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8879746/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35207979
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041440
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