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Development of Antibiofilm Therapeutics Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Drug Resistance

A biofilm is a community of stable microorganisms encapsulated in an extracellular matrix produced by themselves. Many types of microorganisms that are found on living hosts or in the environment can form biofilms. These include pathogenic bacteria that can serve as a reservoir for persistent infect...

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Autores principales: Nadar, Sahaya, Khan, Tabassum, Patching, Simon G., Omri, Abdelwahab
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8879831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35208758
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020303
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author Nadar, Sahaya
Khan, Tabassum
Patching, Simon G.
Omri, Abdelwahab
author_facet Nadar, Sahaya
Khan, Tabassum
Patching, Simon G.
Omri, Abdelwahab
author_sort Nadar, Sahaya
collection PubMed
description A biofilm is a community of stable microorganisms encapsulated in an extracellular matrix produced by themselves. Many types of microorganisms that are found on living hosts or in the environment can form biofilms. These include pathogenic bacteria that can serve as a reservoir for persistent infections, and are culpable for leading to a broad spectrum of chronic illnesses and emergence of antibiotic resistance making them difficult to be treated. The absence of biofilm-targeting antibiotics in the drug discovery pipeline indicates an unmet opportunity for designing new biofilm inhibitors as antimicrobial agents using various strategies and targeting distinct stages of biofilm formation. The strategies available to control biofilm formation include targeting the enzymes and proteins specific to the microorganism and those involved in the adhesion pathways leading to formation of resistant biofilms. This review primarily focuses on the recent strategies and advances responsible for identifying a myriad of antibiofilm agents and their mechanism of biofilm inhibition, including extracellular polymeric substance synthesis inhibitors, adhesion inhibitors, quorum sensing inhibitors, efflux pump inhibitors, and cyclic diguanylate inhibitors. Furthermore, we present the structure–activity relationships (SAR) of these agents, including recently discovered biofilm inhibitors, nature-derived bioactive scaffolds, synthetic small molecules, antimicrobial peptides, bioactive compounds isolated from fungi, non-proteinogenic amino acids and antibiotics. We hope to fuel interest and focus research efforts on the development of agents targeting the uniquely complex, physical and chemical heterogeneous biofilms through a multipronged approach and combinatorial therapeutics for a more effective control and management of biofilms across diseases.
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spelling pubmed-88798312022-02-26 Development of Antibiofilm Therapeutics Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Nadar, Sahaya Khan, Tabassum Patching, Simon G. Omri, Abdelwahab Microorganisms Review A biofilm is a community of stable microorganisms encapsulated in an extracellular matrix produced by themselves. Many types of microorganisms that are found on living hosts or in the environment can form biofilms. These include pathogenic bacteria that can serve as a reservoir for persistent infections, and are culpable for leading to a broad spectrum of chronic illnesses and emergence of antibiotic resistance making them difficult to be treated. The absence of biofilm-targeting antibiotics in the drug discovery pipeline indicates an unmet opportunity for designing new biofilm inhibitors as antimicrobial agents using various strategies and targeting distinct stages of biofilm formation. The strategies available to control biofilm formation include targeting the enzymes and proteins specific to the microorganism and those involved in the adhesion pathways leading to formation of resistant biofilms. This review primarily focuses on the recent strategies and advances responsible for identifying a myriad of antibiofilm agents and their mechanism of biofilm inhibition, including extracellular polymeric substance synthesis inhibitors, adhesion inhibitors, quorum sensing inhibitors, efflux pump inhibitors, and cyclic diguanylate inhibitors. Furthermore, we present the structure–activity relationships (SAR) of these agents, including recently discovered biofilm inhibitors, nature-derived bioactive scaffolds, synthetic small molecules, antimicrobial peptides, bioactive compounds isolated from fungi, non-proteinogenic amino acids and antibiotics. We hope to fuel interest and focus research efforts on the development of agents targeting the uniquely complex, physical and chemical heterogeneous biofilms through a multipronged approach and combinatorial therapeutics for a more effective control and management of biofilms across diseases. MDPI 2022-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8879831/ /pubmed/35208758 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020303 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Nadar, Sahaya
Khan, Tabassum
Patching, Simon G.
Omri, Abdelwahab
Development of Antibiofilm Therapeutics Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Drug Resistance
title Development of Antibiofilm Therapeutics Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Drug Resistance
title_full Development of Antibiofilm Therapeutics Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Drug Resistance
title_fullStr Development of Antibiofilm Therapeutics Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Drug Resistance
title_full_unstemmed Development of Antibiofilm Therapeutics Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Drug Resistance
title_short Development of Antibiofilm Therapeutics Strategies to Overcome Antimicrobial Drug Resistance
title_sort development of antibiofilm therapeutics strategies to overcome antimicrobial drug resistance
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8879831/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35208758
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10020303
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