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Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint

The wrist is by far the most differentiated section of the musculoskeletal system. The spectrum of wrist injuries ranges from minor injuries to complex traumas with simultaneous loss of functions, resulting in enormous economic costs. A proper understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics is essenti...

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Autores principales: Eschweiler, Jörg, Li, Jianzhang, Quack, Valentin, Rath, Björn, Baroncini, Alice, Hildebrand, Frank, Migliorini, Filippo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8880601/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35207475
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12020188
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author Eschweiler, Jörg
Li, Jianzhang
Quack, Valentin
Rath, Björn
Baroncini, Alice
Hildebrand, Frank
Migliorini, Filippo
author_facet Eschweiler, Jörg
Li, Jianzhang
Quack, Valentin
Rath, Björn
Baroncini, Alice
Hildebrand, Frank
Migliorini, Filippo
author_sort Eschweiler, Jörg
collection PubMed
description The wrist is by far the most differentiated section of the musculoskeletal system. The spectrum of wrist injuries ranges from minor injuries to complex traumas with simultaneous loss of functions, resulting in enormous economic costs. A proper understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics is essential for effective treatment, whether conservative or surgical; this applies to the wrist no less than to other parts of the human body. Here; information on the wrist anatomy; kinematics; and biomechanical behavior is presented, commencing with a brief explanation of the structure of its hard and soft tissues. Eight carpal bones in combination with two forearm bones (radius and ulna) construct the wrist joint. The motion of the wrist joint is initiated by the muscles of the forearm, and strong and short ligaments ensure the stability of the wrist. All of these components are essential to bringing functions to the wrist joint because these structures allow wrist mobility and sustainability. In addition, the kinematics of the wrist joint is presented and different biomechanical model approaches. The therapeutic (surgical) restoration of the balance between the load–bearing capacity and the actual stress on a joint is the prerequisite for a lifelong and trouble-free function of a joint. Regarding the complex clinical problems, however, a valid biomechanical wrist joint model would be necessary as assistance, to improve the success of systematized therapies based on computer–aided model–based planning and intervention.
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spelling pubmed-88806012022-02-26 Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint Eschweiler, Jörg Li, Jianzhang Quack, Valentin Rath, Björn Baroncini, Alice Hildebrand, Frank Migliorini, Filippo Life (Basel) Review The wrist is by far the most differentiated section of the musculoskeletal system. The spectrum of wrist injuries ranges from minor injuries to complex traumas with simultaneous loss of functions, resulting in enormous economic costs. A proper understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics is essential for effective treatment, whether conservative or surgical; this applies to the wrist no less than to other parts of the human body. Here; information on the wrist anatomy; kinematics; and biomechanical behavior is presented, commencing with a brief explanation of the structure of its hard and soft tissues. Eight carpal bones in combination with two forearm bones (radius and ulna) construct the wrist joint. The motion of the wrist joint is initiated by the muscles of the forearm, and strong and short ligaments ensure the stability of the wrist. All of these components are essential to bringing functions to the wrist joint because these structures allow wrist mobility and sustainability. In addition, the kinematics of the wrist joint is presented and different biomechanical model approaches. The therapeutic (surgical) restoration of the balance between the load–bearing capacity and the actual stress on a joint is the prerequisite for a lifelong and trouble-free function of a joint. Regarding the complex clinical problems, however, a valid biomechanical wrist joint model would be necessary as assistance, to improve the success of systematized therapies based on computer–aided model–based planning and intervention. MDPI 2022-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8880601/ /pubmed/35207475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12020188 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Eschweiler, Jörg
Li, Jianzhang
Quack, Valentin
Rath, Björn
Baroncini, Alice
Hildebrand, Frank
Migliorini, Filippo
Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint
title Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint
title_full Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint
title_fullStr Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint
title_full_unstemmed Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint
title_short Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint
title_sort anatomy, biomechanics, and loads of the wrist joint
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8880601/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35207475
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12020188
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