Cargando…
Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint
The wrist is by far the most differentiated section of the musculoskeletal system. The spectrum of wrist injuries ranges from minor injuries to complex traumas with simultaneous loss of functions, resulting in enormous economic costs. A proper understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics is essenti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8880601/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35207475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12020188 |
_version_ | 1784659254289891328 |
---|---|
author | Eschweiler, Jörg Li, Jianzhang Quack, Valentin Rath, Björn Baroncini, Alice Hildebrand, Frank Migliorini, Filippo |
author_facet | Eschweiler, Jörg Li, Jianzhang Quack, Valentin Rath, Björn Baroncini, Alice Hildebrand, Frank Migliorini, Filippo |
author_sort | Eschweiler, Jörg |
collection | PubMed |
description | The wrist is by far the most differentiated section of the musculoskeletal system. The spectrum of wrist injuries ranges from minor injuries to complex traumas with simultaneous loss of functions, resulting in enormous economic costs. A proper understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics is essential for effective treatment, whether conservative or surgical; this applies to the wrist no less than to other parts of the human body. Here; information on the wrist anatomy; kinematics; and biomechanical behavior is presented, commencing with a brief explanation of the structure of its hard and soft tissues. Eight carpal bones in combination with two forearm bones (radius and ulna) construct the wrist joint. The motion of the wrist joint is initiated by the muscles of the forearm, and strong and short ligaments ensure the stability of the wrist. All of these components are essential to bringing functions to the wrist joint because these structures allow wrist mobility and sustainability. In addition, the kinematics of the wrist joint is presented and different biomechanical model approaches. The therapeutic (surgical) restoration of the balance between the load–bearing capacity and the actual stress on a joint is the prerequisite for a lifelong and trouble-free function of a joint. Regarding the complex clinical problems, however, a valid biomechanical wrist joint model would be necessary as assistance, to improve the success of systematized therapies based on computer–aided model–based planning and intervention. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8880601 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-88806012022-02-26 Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint Eschweiler, Jörg Li, Jianzhang Quack, Valentin Rath, Björn Baroncini, Alice Hildebrand, Frank Migliorini, Filippo Life (Basel) Review The wrist is by far the most differentiated section of the musculoskeletal system. The spectrum of wrist injuries ranges from minor injuries to complex traumas with simultaneous loss of functions, resulting in enormous economic costs. A proper understanding of the anatomy and biomechanics is essential for effective treatment, whether conservative or surgical; this applies to the wrist no less than to other parts of the human body. Here; information on the wrist anatomy; kinematics; and biomechanical behavior is presented, commencing with a brief explanation of the structure of its hard and soft tissues. Eight carpal bones in combination with two forearm bones (radius and ulna) construct the wrist joint. The motion of the wrist joint is initiated by the muscles of the forearm, and strong and short ligaments ensure the stability of the wrist. All of these components are essential to bringing functions to the wrist joint because these structures allow wrist mobility and sustainability. In addition, the kinematics of the wrist joint is presented and different biomechanical model approaches. The therapeutic (surgical) restoration of the balance between the load–bearing capacity and the actual stress on a joint is the prerequisite for a lifelong and trouble-free function of a joint. Regarding the complex clinical problems, however, a valid biomechanical wrist joint model would be necessary as assistance, to improve the success of systematized therapies based on computer–aided model–based planning and intervention. MDPI 2022-01-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8880601/ /pubmed/35207475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12020188 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Eschweiler, Jörg Li, Jianzhang Quack, Valentin Rath, Björn Baroncini, Alice Hildebrand, Frank Migliorini, Filippo Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint |
title | Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint |
title_full | Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint |
title_fullStr | Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint |
title_full_unstemmed | Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint |
title_short | Anatomy, Biomechanics, and Loads of the Wrist Joint |
title_sort | anatomy, biomechanics, and loads of the wrist joint |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8880601/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35207475 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12020188 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT eschweilerjorg anatomybiomechanicsandloadsofthewristjoint AT lijianzhang anatomybiomechanicsandloadsofthewristjoint AT quackvalentin anatomybiomechanicsandloadsofthewristjoint AT rathbjorn anatomybiomechanicsandloadsofthewristjoint AT baroncinialice anatomybiomechanicsandloadsofthewristjoint AT hildebrandfrank anatomybiomechanicsandloadsofthewristjoint AT migliorinifilippo anatomybiomechanicsandloadsofthewristjoint |