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Humus Acids in the Digested Sludge and Their Properties

Fulvic acids, alpha (α) humic acids and hymatomelanic acids were extracted digested sludge in two Cracow sewage treatment plants: Kujawy and Płaszów. Their elemental composition was examined and micropollution and ash content were determined. Based on the IR and UV-VIS spectrum, their similarities w...

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Autores principales: Anielak, Anna M., Kłeczek, Aneta
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8880807/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35208014
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041475
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author Anielak, Anna M.
Kłeczek, Aneta
author_facet Anielak, Anna M.
Kłeczek, Aneta
author_sort Anielak, Anna M.
collection PubMed
description Fulvic acids, alpha (α) humic acids and hymatomelanic acids were extracted digested sludge in two Cracow sewage treatment plants: Kujawy and Płaszów. Their elemental composition was examined and micropollution and ash content were determined. Based on the IR and UV-VIS spectrum, their similarities were determined with the occurring interactions with micropollution. Strong correlations between the acids coming from different sources depend on acid type and micropollution accompanying them, depending on concentration, influences to a specific extent their IR and UV-VIS spectra. Absorption analysis in infrared constitutes a simple method for characterizing fulvic and humic acids from wastewater treatment plants. The extracted fulvic acids were characterized by moderate maturity, while humus acids were well developed. In the fermentation process, the N bond increases together with the level of humification of the humus acid. The characteristics of the extracted humus acids comply with other humic substances presented in the literature. Quantitative analysis showed that digested sludge contains, on average: FA from 5.07 to 5.30 g/kg dry matter, αHA from 59.22 to 74.72 g/kg dry matter, HMA from 20.31 to 43.66 g/kg dry matter. It was thus demonstrated that wastewater treatment, in particular digested sludge, constitutes an attractive source of humus acids with a wide range of applications in numerous areas, such as agriculture, ecological rehabilitation, environmental protection, animal breeding, aquaculture, veterinary as well as medicine and is a precious source of soil fertilizers.
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spelling pubmed-88808072022-02-26 Humus Acids in the Digested Sludge and Their Properties Anielak, Anna M. Kłeczek, Aneta Materials (Basel) Article Fulvic acids, alpha (α) humic acids and hymatomelanic acids were extracted digested sludge in two Cracow sewage treatment plants: Kujawy and Płaszów. Their elemental composition was examined and micropollution and ash content were determined. Based on the IR and UV-VIS spectrum, their similarities were determined with the occurring interactions with micropollution. Strong correlations between the acids coming from different sources depend on acid type and micropollution accompanying them, depending on concentration, influences to a specific extent their IR and UV-VIS spectra. Absorption analysis in infrared constitutes a simple method for characterizing fulvic and humic acids from wastewater treatment plants. The extracted fulvic acids were characterized by moderate maturity, while humus acids were well developed. In the fermentation process, the N bond increases together with the level of humification of the humus acid. The characteristics of the extracted humus acids comply with other humic substances presented in the literature. Quantitative analysis showed that digested sludge contains, on average: FA from 5.07 to 5.30 g/kg dry matter, αHA from 59.22 to 74.72 g/kg dry matter, HMA from 20.31 to 43.66 g/kg dry matter. It was thus demonstrated that wastewater treatment, in particular digested sludge, constitutes an attractive source of humus acids with a wide range of applications in numerous areas, such as agriculture, ecological rehabilitation, environmental protection, animal breeding, aquaculture, veterinary as well as medicine and is a precious source of soil fertilizers. MDPI 2022-02-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8880807/ /pubmed/35208014 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041475 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Anielak, Anna M.
Kłeczek, Aneta
Humus Acids in the Digested Sludge and Their Properties
title Humus Acids in the Digested Sludge and Their Properties
title_full Humus Acids in the Digested Sludge and Their Properties
title_fullStr Humus Acids in the Digested Sludge and Their Properties
title_full_unstemmed Humus Acids in the Digested Sludge and Their Properties
title_short Humus Acids in the Digested Sludge and Their Properties
title_sort humus acids in the digested sludge and their properties
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8880807/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35208014
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15041475
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